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Related Concept Videos

Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria01:29

Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria

The DNA replication, transcription, and translation processes are intricately coupled in bacteria, allowing efficient gene expression and rapid protein synthesis. While this physical and functional coordination is advantageous, it introduces challenges that bacteria overcome through specific regulatory mechanisms.Coupling of Replication, Transcription, and TranslationThe coupling of replication, transcription, and translation is a hallmark of bacterial gene expression. As the replisome unwinds...
Stringent Response in E. coli01:23

Stringent Response in E. coli

Bacterial growth is closely tied to nutrient availability, with cells proliferating exponentially under favorable conditions and entering a stationary phase when resources become scarce. This transition is mediated by a regulatory mechanism known as the stringent response, which allows bacteria to adapt to nutrient deprivation by modulating gene expression and metabolic activity.During nutrient scarcity, intracellular amino acid levels decline. It results in the accumulation of uncharged tRNAs...
Chemotaxis in E. coli01:27

Chemotaxis in E. coli

Chemotaxis in Escherichia coli is a sensory-driven motility mechanism that enables bacteria to navigate chemical gradients, moving toward beneficial environments while avoiding harmful conditions. This process relies on a signal transduction system integrating external chemical cues with flagellar motor control.Chemoreceptors and Signal DetectionE. coli detects chemical gradients through methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs), which are membrane-bound chemoreceptors that sense attractants...
Reporter Genes02:11

Reporter Genes

Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
Commonly used reporter...
Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression01:27

Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression

Gene expression in prokaryotes is governed by constitutive and regulated systems, allowing cells to balance the production of essential proteins with adaptive responses to environmental changes.Constitutive Gene ExpressionConstitutive, or housekeeping, genes are continuously expressed as they encode proteins vital for fundamental cellular processes. These include enzymes for glycolysis, ribosomal components for protein synthesis, and proteins involved in DNA replication. Their constant...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

The Multifaceted Benefits of Protein Co-expression in Escherichia coli
12:48

The Multifaceted Benefits of Protein Co-expression in Escherichia coli

Published on: February 5, 2015

Orthogonal gene expression in Escherichia coli.

Wenlin An1, Jason W Chin

  • 1Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

Methods in Enzymology
|May 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed orthogonal gene expression, combining transcription and translation. This method creates minimal orthogonal ribosomes and feed-forward loops for controlled gene expression delays.

Area of Science:

  • Synthetic Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Orthogonal systems are crucial for precise control over biological processes.
  • Current methods for gene expression control have limitations in specificity and programmability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel route for orthogonal gene expression.
  • To create a minimal orthogonal ribosome.
  • To engineer transcription-translation feed-forward loops for information processing delays.

Main Methods:

  • Library-based selections were employed to combine orthogonal transcription and translation.
  • Orthogonal gene expression systems were constructed and characterized.
  • Feed-forward loops were designed to modulate gene expression dynamics.

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Mapping Bacterial Functional Networks and Pathways in Escherichia Coli using Synthetic Genetic Arrays
14:06

Mapping Bacterial Functional Networks and Pathways in Escherichia Coli using Synthetic Genetic Arrays

Published on: November 12, 2012

Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Location(s) for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach
11:12

Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Location(s) for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach

Published on: September 11, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

The Multifaceted Benefits of Protein Co-expression in Escherichia coli
12:48

The Multifaceted Benefits of Protein Co-expression in Escherichia coli

Published on: February 5, 2015

Mapping Bacterial Functional Networks and Pathways in Escherichia Coli using Synthetic Genetic Arrays
14:06

Mapping Bacterial Functional Networks and Pathways in Escherichia Coli using Synthetic Genetic Arrays

Published on: November 12, 2012

Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Location(s) for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach
11:12

Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Location(s) for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach

Published on: September 11, 2017

Main Results:

  • A functional orthogonal gene expression system was successfully established.
  • A minimal orthogonal ribosome was created, demonstrating efficient and specific translation.
  • Orthogonal transcription-translation feed-forward loops were implemented, enabling tailored information processing delays.

Conclusions:

  • The developed orthogonal gene expression route offers a powerful tool for synthetic biology.
  • This approach enables precise control over gene expression and the introduction of complex regulatory functions.
  • The minimal orthogonal ribosome and feed-forward loops have broad applications in engineering biological systems.