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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration01:28

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be estimated from serum creatinine using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula or the chronic kidney disease–epidemiology collaboration (CKD–EPI) equation. Both methods are widely used in clinical practice to assess kidney function and guide treatment decisions.The MDRD equation does not require weight or height measurements and is normalized to the body surface area of 1.73 m², considered the average adult surface area. This equation is...
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate01:25

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a critical indicator of kidney health, reflecting how well the kidneys filter blood. Changes in GFR can signal potential kidney impairment, necessitating accurate measurement methods to monitor kidney function effectively.Various molecules can serve as markers for GFR measurement, with the ideal marker meeting several specific criteria. It must freely filter at the glomerulus, avoid reabsorption or secretion by the renal tubules, remain unmetabolized, not...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation01:24

One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation

This lesson introduces two critical methods in pharmacokinetics, the Wagner-Nelson and Loo-Riegelman methods, used for estimating the absorption rate constant (ka) for drugs administered via non-intravenous routes. The Wagner-Nelson method relates ka to the plasma concentration derived from the slope of a semilog percent unabsorbed time plot. However, it is limited to drugs with one-compartment kinetics and can be impacted by factors like gastrointestinal motility or enzymatic degradation.
On...
Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters01:01

Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters

It is not uncommon for complete drug pharmacokinetic profiles to remain elusive in pharmacokinetics. This necessitates certain educated assumptions by pharmacokineticists to determine appropriate dosage regimens without comprehensive pharmacokinetic data from animal or human studies. One prevalent assumption is setting the bioavailability factor, denoted as F, to 1 or 100%. This assumption caters to the scenario where a drug doesn't achieve full systemic absorption, resulting in the patient...
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Serum Creatinine Concentration and Clearance01:25

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Serum Creatinine Concentration and Clearance

In healthy individuals, serum creatinine levels remain stable due to a balance between its constant production—primarily from muscle metabolism—and renal excretion. Creatinine is freely filtered by the glomeruli, making it a valuable marker for estimating renal function. When the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreases, the kidneys can only eliminate less creatinine, causing serum levels to rise.Serum creatinine concentration is widely used to estimate creatinine clearance (Clcr), a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

A High-throughput Method for Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Conscious Mice
07:07

A High-throughput Method for Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Conscious Mice

Published on: May 10, 2013

GFR estimating equations in a multiethnic Asian population.

Boon Wee Teo1, Hui Xu, Danhua Wang

  • 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. mdctbw@nus.edu.sg

American Journal of Kidney Diseases : the Official Journal of the National Kidney Foundation
|May 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary

The CKD-EPI equation is more accurate for estimating GFR in Asian patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) than the MDRD Study equation. Ethnic adjustments did not improve accuracy, supporting the use of CKD-EPI without modification for this population.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

A High-throughput Method for Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Conscious Mice
07:07

A High-throughput Method for Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Conscious Mice

Published on: May 10, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Clinical Epidemiology

Background:

  • Clinical practice guidelines recommend estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) equations for chronic kidney disease (CKD) management.
  • Existing equations like MDRD Study and CKD-EPI were derived from North American populations with ethnic adjustments.
  • Previous ethnic modifications for Asian populations require external validation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the accuracy of MDRD Study and CKD-EPI equations in a multiethnic Asian population with CKD.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of Asian-specific ethnic coefficients for these equations.
  • To assess the impact of different equations on CKD disease staging.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnostic test study comparing modified MDRD Study and CKD-EPI equations against measured GFR.
  • Cross-sectional study to evaluate disease staging accuracy.
  • Participants included 232 outpatients with stable CKD (40.5% Chinese, 32% Malay, 27.5% Indian/other).
  • Measured GFR using 3-sample plasma clearance of 99mTc-DTPA.

Main Results:

  • The CKD-EPI equation demonstrated higher accuracy than the MDRD Study equation across the GFR range.
  • CKD-EPI showed improved bias and root mean square error compared to MDRD Study (P <0.001).
  • Ethnic coefficients did not significantly improve GFR estimates; CKD-EPI improved disease staging correctness.

Conclusions:

  • The CKD-EPI equation is more accurate for estimating GFR in multiethnic Asian patients with CKD, especially at higher GFRs.
  • Ethnic adjustments are not recommended for the CKD-EPI equation in this population.
  • Adoption of the CKD-EPI equation without ethnic modification is recommended for GFR estimation in Asian CKD patients.