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Soft tissue response to titanium dioxide nanotube modified implants.

Garrett C Smith¹, Lisa Chamberlain, Linda Faxius

¹Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412, USA. smith.garrett@gmail.com

Acta Biomaterialia

|May 24, 2011

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Nanoscale titanium dioxide nanotubes reduce fibrotic capsule formation and nitric oxide activity around implants. This surface modification may improve titanium implant integration in both soft and bone tissues.

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Nanotechnology
Medical Device Engineering

Background:

Titanium implants are widely used clinically.
The effects of nanoscale surface modifications on titanium's in vivo response are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the in vivo response to nano-modified titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) surfaces.
To evaluate nitric oxide scavenging and fibrotic capsule formation on TiO(2) nanotubes compared to control surfaces.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of TiO(2) nanotubes (100 nm diameter) via electrochemical anodization.
In vivo implantation of TiO(2) nanotube and control surfaces in rat abdominal walls for 1 and 6 weeks.
Assessment of nitric oxide activity and fibrotic capsule thickness.

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Main Results:

Nanostructured TiO(2) surfaces showed lower nitric oxide levels in solution.
Reduced fibrotic capsule thickness was observed around nanotube surfaces at both 1 and 6 weeks.
Significantly lower nitric oxide activity (nitrotyrosine presence) was noted on nanotube surfaces after 1 week.

Conclusions:

TiO(2) nanotubes reduce fibrotic capsule formation and reactive nitrogen species interaction in vivo.
The nanotube structure may enhance TiO(2)'s catalytic properties, influencing implant response.
These findings suggest a potential mechanism for improving titanium implant performance in clinical applications.