Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Production of Pharmaceuticals01:30

Production of Pharmaceuticals

Industrial insulin production uses genetically engineered E. coli expressing a proinsulin gene controlled by a tryptophan promoter and containing a methionine linker for later cleavage. The cells also carry ampicillin resistance for selective growth. Seed cultures are stored at −80 °C and production begins by thawing a small amount to inoculate starter cultures, which are progressively scaled to a 50,000-L bioreactor. In the bioreactor, E. coli grow in nutrient-rich media under sterile, tightly...
Scale-Up Processes01:14

Scale-Up Processes

The scale-up of microbial fermentation processes is essential in industrial biotechnology, allowing the transition from laboratory-scale experiments to commercial-scale production while aiming to maintain product yield and quality. This process requires meticulous adjustment of equipment design, process parameters, and contamination control strategies to accommodate increasing culture volumes.At the laboratory scale, cultures are typically maintained in 1 to 10-liter glass or autoclavable...
Bioreactor Controls-III01:22

Bioreactor Controls-III

Strain improvement is a foundational strategy in industrial microbiology aimed at maximizing microbial productivity, particularly because natural isolates typically yield commercially valuable products in very low concentrations. Although optimizing the culture medium and environmental conditions can improve yields, these adjustments are inherently limited by the organism’s genetic potential. As a result, the focus shifts toward genetic modifications to enhance biosynthetic capacity. The...
Synthetic Biology02:55

Synthetic Biology

Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
Golden rice
Golden rice is a genetically modified...
Upstream Processing01:27

Upstream Processing

Upstream processing represents a critical phase in biomanufacturing, wherein biological systems such as microorganisms, mammalian cells, or insect cells are cultivated to produce therapeutic proteins, vaccines, enzymes, or other biologically derived products. This phase encompasses all steps from the selection and genetic manipulation of the production organism to the cultivation of cells in bioreactors under tightly controlled environmental conditions.Host Selection and Genetic OptimizationThe...
The Central Dogma01:20

The Central Dogma

The central dogma explains the flow of genetic information from DNA nucleotides to the amino acid sequence of proteins.
RNA is the Missing Link Between DNA and Proteins
In the early 1900s, scientists discovered that DNA stores all the information needed for cellular functions and that proteins perform most of these functions. However, the mechanisms of converting genetic information into functional proteins remained unknown for many years. Initially, it was believed that a single gene is...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Impact of Elevated C-Reactive Protein on Survival Outcomes of Patients with Small Renal Masses: A Retrospective Multicenter Analysis.

Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.)·2026
Same author

DNAm landscape up to 4 months post SARS-CoV-2 infection: insights from four population-based cohorts.

Clinical epigenetics·2026
Same author

A phase I, needle free, dose escalation clinical trial of pEVAC-PS, a candidate pan-Sarbecovirus Vaccine.

The Journal of infection·2026
Same author

Prostate Cancer Detection on Micro-Ultrasound Raw Data Using a Deep Learning Neural Network.

Ultrasound in medicine & biology·2026
Same author

BPI26-018: Integrated Specialty Prostate Cancer Care: Outcomes From a Collaborative Clinic Model at UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center.

Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN·2026
Same author

Noninvasive Urine Test Predicts Grade Group Upgrading in Patients on Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer: Prospective Multisite Validation and Comparison with MRI.

The Journal of urology·2026
Same journal

Clinical Europium fluorescent based lectin assays for mucin O-glycomics.

Methods in enzymology·2026
Same journal

A dual-color FRET assay for detection and quantitative analysis of O-glycopeptidases.

Methods in enzymology·2026
Same journal

Evolutionary genetic approaches to analyze mucins.

Methods in enzymology·2026
Same journal

Ex vivo imaging and enzymatic analysis of intestinal mucus.

Methods in enzymology·2026
Same journal

Glyco-TRAPP: A real-time glycocalyx permeability assay for assessing transmembrane mucin barrier function in live and fixed tissues.

Methods in enzymology·2026
Same journal

Quantitative imaging approaches to capture structural and functional dynamics of colonic mucus in health and disease in situ.

Methods in enzymology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Inducible T7 RNA Polymerase-mediated Multigene Expression System, pMGX
10:09

Inducible T7 RNA Polymerase-mediated Multigene Expression System, pMGX

Published on: June 27, 2017

Industrial scale gene synthesis.

Frank Notka1, Michael Liss, Ralf Wagner

  • 1Life Technologies Inc./GeneArt AG, Regensburg, Germany.

Methods in Enzymology
|May 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Modern gene synthesis and synthetic biology are revolutionizing life sciences. This synergy enables new strategies for environmental solutions, therapeutics, and sustainable energy through advanced DNA technologies.

More Related Videos

Rapid Assembly of Multi-Gene Constructs using Modular Golden Gate Cloning
08:31

Rapid Assembly of Multi-Gene Constructs using Modular Golden Gate Cloning

Published on: February 5, 2021

Automated Robotic Liquid Handling Assembly of Modular DNA Devices
11:22

Automated Robotic Liquid Handling Assembly of Modular DNA Devices

Published on: December 1, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Inducible T7 RNA Polymerase-mediated Multigene Expression System, pMGX
10:09

Inducible T7 RNA Polymerase-mediated Multigene Expression System, pMGX

Published on: June 27, 2017

Rapid Assembly of Multi-Gene Constructs using Modular Golden Gate Cloning
08:31

Rapid Assembly of Multi-Gene Constructs using Modular Golden Gate Cloning

Published on: February 5, 2021

Automated Robotic Liquid Handling Assembly of Modular DNA Devices
11:22

Automated Robotic Liquid Handling Assembly of Modular DNA Devices

Published on: December 1, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Synthetic Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Deep DNA sequencing and quantitative analysis enhance understanding of biochemical pathways.
  • Synthetic biology offers economic and reliable methods for designing and synthesizing genetic elements, including genomes.
  • High-throughput DNA synthesis is a crucial enabling technology in life sciences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the industrial perspective of modern gene synthesis and its integral role in synthetic biology.
  • To highlight how gene synthesis facilitates the creation of novel biological systems and applications.
  • To exemplify large-scale gene synthesis processes from an industrial viewpoint.

Main Methods:

  • Leveraging advancements in deep DNA sequencing and quantitative/functional analysis.
  • Utilizing high-throughput design and synthesis of comprehensive DNA sequences.
  • Implementing engineering design principles for standardized assembly of genetic material.

Main Results:

  • Gene synthesis has been pivotal in the emergence of synthetic biology by providing high-quality genetic material.
  • Synthetic biology drives the need for complex circuit assembly, fostering method development and application expansion.
  • Industrial gene synthesis processes are demand-driven, exemplified by large-scale production from order to delivery.

Conclusions:

  • The integration of gene synthesis and synthetic biology accelerates innovation in environmental, therapeutic, and energy sectors.
  • Synthetic biology fosters interdisciplinary collaboration and public engagement on broader societal implications.
  • Industrial gene synthesis provides essential tools for realizing the potential of synthetic biology.