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Custom formed orthoses in cycling.

Brendan C O'Neill¹, Kenneth Graham, Mark Moresi

¹Sydney Sports Medicine Centre, Sydney Olympic Park, Australia. drbo@xtra.co.nz

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport

|May 24, 2011

Summary

Custom foot orthoses (CFOs) did not show systematic effects on cycling biomechanics for competitive cyclists. However, CFOs can produce subject-specific changes, suggesting an individualized approach to orthotic prescription is beneficial.

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Area of Science:

Sports Biomechanics
Orthotics and Prosthetics

Background:

Custom foot orthoses (CFOs) are frequently prescribed to athletes.
Their systematic effects on cycling biomechanics, particularly during the power phase, require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the effects of prescribed in-shoe CFOs on hip adduction, knee abduction, and tibial internal rotation during the cycling power phase.
To determine if CFOs produce systematic or subject-specific biomechanical changes in cyclists.

Main Methods:

A before-and-after crossover study design was employed.
Twelve competitive cyclists used their prescribed CFOs or no orthoses during stationary cycling.
Three-dimensional biomechanical data were collected using an 8-camera Vicon system and analyzed with 2-way ANOVA.

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Main Results:

No systematic effects of CFOs on cycling biomechanics were observed.
A trend towards reduced tibial internal rotation was noted (P<0.072).
Significant subject-specific biomechanical effects were identified (P<0.05), with three distinct knee movement patterns observed.

Conclusions:

Currently prescribed CFOs do not systematically alter cycling biomechanics in competitive cyclists.
CFOs can induce significant subject-specific biomechanical modifications, influenced by rearfoot and/or forefoot wedges.
An individualized approach to orthotic prescription, considering the forefoot-rearfoot relationship, is recommended.