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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Directionality of Nuclear Transport01:42

Directionality of Nuclear Transport

Ras-related nuclear protein or Ran is a small G protein that cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states. Ran specific regulators, a Ran GTPase Activating Protein or RanGAP present in the cytosol and a Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor or RanGEF present inside the nucleus regulate GTP/GDP exchange. A high concentration of GTP inside the cells, in addition to this asymmetric distribution of  Ran-specific regulators, leads to a higher RanGTP concentration inside the nucleus. This...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Assay to Measure Nucleocytoplasmic Transport in Real Time within Motor Neuron-like NSC-34 Cells
08:53

Assay to Measure Nucleocytoplasmic Transport in Real Time within Motor Neuron-like NSC-34 Cells

Published on: May 16, 2017

Keeping mRNPs in check during assembly and nuclear export.

Evelina Tutucci1, Françoise Stutz

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and "Frontiers in Genetics", National Center for Competence in Research (NCCR), Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland.

Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
|May 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary

The cell nucleus manages DNA replication and gene expression. Post-translational modifications regulate messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complex assembly and export, adding complexity to gene expression.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Assay to Measure Nucleocytoplasmic Transport in Real Time within Motor Neuron-like NSC-34 Cells
08:53

Assay to Measure Nucleocytoplasmic Transport in Real Time within Motor Neuron-like NSC-34 Cells

Published on: May 16, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The cell nucleus is central to eukaryotic life, housing genetic material and regulating gene expression.
  • Messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) biogenesis and export are critical, multi-step processes.
  • Regulation of mRNP export ensures proper gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of post-translational modifications in mRNP biogenesis and export.
  • To understand how these modifications contribute to spatial and temporal regulation within the nucleus.
  • To elucidate the integration of co-transcriptional assembly, remodeling, and export of mRNPs.

Main Methods:

  • The abstract does not specify methods.
  • Further research would involve molecular biology techniques like immunoprecipitation, crosslinking, and microscopy.
  • Analysis of protein modifications and their impact on mRNP complex dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Post-translational modifications are implicated in coordinating mRNP complex dynamics.
  • These modifications influence the assembly, remodeling, and export of mRNPs.
  • A new regulatory layer for gene expression is identified through these modifications.

Conclusions:

  • Post-translational modifications are key regulators of mRNP biogenesis and export.
  • These modifications provide intricate control over gene expression.
  • Understanding these processes is crucial for comprehending nuclear function.