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Related Concept Videos

Mass Spectrometry: Alcohol Fragmentation01:03

Mass Spectrometry: Alcohol Fragmentation

Alcohols (R-OH) ionize to lose one non-bonded electron from the oxygen atom, forming molecular ions. Due to their tendency to fragment rapidly, the intensity of the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum is weak or sometimes absent. The fragmentation patterns for alcohols occur in two ways, i.e. ⍺-cleavage and dehydration. During ⍺-cleavage, the bond at the ⍺-position adjacent to the hydroxyl group cleaves to give a resonance-stabilized cation and a radical. However, intramolecular dehydration...
Production of Alcohol01:27

Production of Alcohol

Continuous fermentation is a key strategy in industrial ethanol production, particularly when efficiency, scalability, and high yields are essential. This approach allows for uninterrupted operation and optimized resource utilization. The primary feedstock, corn starch, undergoes enzymatic hydrolysis facilitated by α-amylase and glucoamylase. These enzymes break down the starch into fermentable sugars such as glucose, which are readily assimilated by fermentative microorganisms.Fermentation...
Protection of Alcohols02:31

Protection of Alcohols

This lesson delves into the concept of protection and deprotection of a functional group fundamental to synthetic organic chemistry. These phenomena are explained in the context of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols.
Protection
It defines a protecting group as the masking agent to make the more reactive species inert to a given set of conditions. This concept is depicted via the illustration of liquid flow through different outlets in an assembly of pipes. The analogy helps to understand the role...
Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction02:23

Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction

Reduction is a simple strategy to convert a carbonyl group to a hydroxyl group. The three major pathways to reduce carbonyls to alcohols are catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, and borane reduction.
Catalytic hydrogenation is similar to the reduction of an alkene or alkyne by adding H2 across the pi bond in the presence of transition metal catalysts like Raney Ni, Pd–C, Pt, or Ru. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by this method, often under mild to moderate heat (25–100°C) and...
Microbes in Beverage Production01:25

Microbes in Beverage Production

Alcoholic beverages such as wine, beer, and spirits are the products of microbial fermentation processes that transform simple sugars into ethanol and a wide array of complex flavor compounds. These transformations rely on the metabolic activities of specific yeasts and bacteria, which are selected and controlled to yield the desired beverage characteristics.Wine Fermentation and MaturationWine production begins with the crushing of grapes to release juice and pulp, forming a must that is...
Organic Compounds03:02

Organic Compounds

All living things are formed mostly of carbon compounds called organic compounds. The category of organic compounds includes both natural and synthetic compounds that contain carbon. Although a single, precise definition has yet to be identified by the chemistry community, most agree that a defining trait of organic molecules is the presence of carbon as the principal element, bonded to hydrogen and other carbon atoms. However, some carbon-containing compounds such as carbonates, cyanides, and...

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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans
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The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans

Published on: April 28, 2022

[Breath alcohol analysis].

L Straka1

  • 1Ustav súdneho lekárstva a medicínskych expertíz JLF UK a UNM Martin, Slovenská Republika. lubomir.straka@unm.sk

Soudni Lekarstvi
|May 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alcohol in drivers is a major traffic safety threat. Forensic breath alcohol measurement is key for detecting impaired drivers, but medical and legal challenges persist despite technological advances.

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Toxicology
  • Traffic Safety Research

Context:

  • Alcohol-impaired driving poses a significant risk to public safety globally.
  • Forensic breath alcohol measurement is a widely adopted tool for roadside detection of driver intoxication in Europe, North America, and Australia.
  • Existing detection technologies face ongoing challenges, particularly concerning medical and legal interpretations.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the persistent challenges in forensic breath alcohol measurement.
  • To underscore the importance of addressing medical and legal aspects in alcohol detection technology.
  • To provide an overview of the current state and future considerations for impaired driving detection.

Summary:

  • Breath alcohol measurement is a critical tool for identifying alcohol-impaired drivers.
  • Despite technological progress, significant medical and legal hurdles remain in the field.
  • These challenges impact the effectiveness and application of roadside alcohol detection.

Impact:

  • Improved understanding of limitations in current breath alcohol testing devices.
  • Informs future technological development and regulatory frameworks for impaired driving enforcement.
  • Contributes to enhancing traffic safety by addressing critical aspects of alcohol detection.