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Maternal stress and high-fat diet effect on maternal behavior, milk composition, and pup ingestive behavior
Ryan H Purcell1, Bo Sun, Lauren L Pass
1Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Insights
Maternal prenatal stress or high-fat diet programs offspring obesity. These factors alter maternal care, milk composition, and pup feeding, impacting early development and long-term weight gain.
Area of Science:
- Developmental programming
- Obesity research
- Maternal-fetal interactions
Background:
- Prenatal stress and maternal high-fat (HF) diet induce offspring obesity.
- The roles of maternal care and diet in this developmental trajectory are not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate maternal behavior, milk composition, and offspring ingestive behavior.
- To elucidate the ontogenesis of obesity in offspring exposed to prenatal stress and/or maternal HF diet.
Main Methods:
- Assessment of maternal behavior and milk composition in dams.
- Evaluation of offspring ingestive behavior at specific postnatal days (PND).
Main Results:
- HF diet dams exhibited increased nursing time.
- Prenatal stress offspring consumed more milk at PND 3; HF offspring consumed more at PND 7.
- Milk from HF dams showed increased fat content from PND 10-21.
Conclusions:
- Gestational stress or HF diet alters the early postnatal environment.
- Changes in maternal care, milk, and pup consumption may contribute to long-term obesity.
- Developmental programming of obesity is evident by PND 3.
Abstract:
Chronic variable prenatal stress or maternal high-fat diet results in offspring that are significantly heavier by the end of the first postnatal week with increased adiposity by weaning. It is unclear, however, what role maternal care and diet play in the ontogenesis of this phenotype and what contributions come from differences already established in the rat pups. In the present studies, we examined maternal behavior and milk composition as well as offspring ingestive behavior. Our aim was to better understand the development of the obese phenotype in offspring from dams subjected to prenatal stress and/or fed a high-fat (HF) diet during gestation and lactation. We found that dams maintained on a HF diet through gestation and lactation spent significantly more time nursing their pups during the first postnatal week. In addition, offspring of prenatal stress dams consumed more milk at postnatal day (PND) 3 and offspring of HF dams consume more milk on PND 7 in an independent ingestion test. Milk from HF dams showed a significant increase in fat content from PND 10-21. Together these results suggest that gestational dietary or stress manipulations can alter the rat offspring's developmental environment, evidence of which is apparent by PND 3. Alterations in maternal care, milk composition, and pup consumption during the early postnatal period may contribute to long-term changes in body weight and adiposity induced by maternal prenatal stress or high-fat diet.
