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Extraction: Advanced Methods

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...

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Leveling Effect and Non-Aqueous Acid-Base Solutions

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The Leveling Effect of a Solvent
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Leveling Effect

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In acid-base chemistry, the leveling effect refers to the limitation imposed by the solvent on the strength of acids and bases in solution. When a base stronger than the solvent's conjugate base is used, it deprotonates the solvent until the base is entirely consumed, making it ineffective against weaker acids. Conversely, an acid stronger than the solvent's conjugate acid protonates the solvent until the acid is depleted, rendering it ineffective against weaker bases. Essentially, the solvent...

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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Separation of Aldehydes and Reactive Ketones from Mixtures Using a Bisulfite Extraction Protocol

Separation of Aldehydes and Reactive Ketones from Mixtures Using a Bisulfite Extraction Protocol

Published on: April 2, 2018

A new strategy to simultaneous microextraction of acidic and basic compounds.

Morteza Moradi¹, Yadollah Yamini, Jamal Kakehmam

¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

Journal of Chromatography. A

|May 25, 2011

Summary

A new ion pair based surfactant assisted microextraction (IP-SAME) method efficiently extracts acidic and basic pollutants from water. This technique offers high preconcentration factors and low detection limits for environmental analysis.

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Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Separation of Aldehydes and Reactive Ketones from Mixtures Using a Bisulfite Extraction Protocol

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Published on: April 2, 2018

A Simple Fractionated Extraction Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolites, Lipids, and Proteins from a Single Sample

A Simple Fractionated Extraction Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolites, Lipids, and Proteins from a Single Sample

Published on: June 1, 2017

Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Environmental Chemistry
Sample Preparation Techniques

Background:

Simultaneous extraction of acidic and basic pollutants from water is challenging.
Existing sample preparation techniques often lack efficiency for diverse pollutant types.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and optimize a novel ion pair based surfactant assisted microextraction (IP-SAME) method.
To enable simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of acidic and basic aromatic pollutants from water samples.

Main Methods:

Application of ion pair based surfactant assisted microextraction (IP-SAME).
Utilized high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection for analysis.
Optimized parameters including solvent type/volume, surfactant type/concentration, pH, and ionic strength.

Main Results:

Achieved preconcentration factors (PFs) ranging from 87-348.
Obtained low detection limits (LDRs) between 0.07-0.6 μg L⁻¹.
Demonstrated successful analysis of natural water samples.

Conclusions:

The developed IP-SAME method is efficient for simultaneous extraction of acidic and basic pollutants.
The method offers excellent preconcentration capabilities and low detection limits.
IP-SAME is a viable technique for analyzing real-world water samples.