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Immunofluorescent Labeling of Plant Virus and Insect Vector Proteins in Hemipteran Guts

Immunofluorescent Labeling of Plant Virus and Insect Vector Proteins in Hemipteran Guts

Published on: May 14, 2021

Infection with a plant virus modifies vector feeding behavior.

Candice A Stafford¹, Gregory P Walker, Diane E Ullman

¹Departments of Plant Pathology and Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. canstafford@ucdavis.edu

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|May 25, 2011

Summary

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) infection alters thrips feeding behavior, increasing feeding frequency and non-ingestion probes. This modification enhances virus transmission, suggesting a conserved trait among Bunyaviridae viruses.

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Area of Science:

Plant Virology
Insect Vector Behavior
Evolutionary Biology

Background:

Parasite transmission often involves modifying host or vector behavior.
Vector feeding is crucial for parasite transmission, including plant viruses.
Bunyaviridae viruses infect both plants and animals, with some altering vector behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) alters the feeding behavior of its thrips vector, Frankliniella occidentalis.
To determine if altered feeding behavior enhances TSWV transmission probability.
To explore if behavioral modification is a conserved trait in Bunyaviridae.

Main Methods:

Infection of male Frankliniella occidentalis thrips with TSWV.
Observation and quantification of feeding behaviors in infected versus uninfected thrips.
Analysis of non-ingestion probes and salivation behavior.

Main Results:

Infected male thrips exhibited increased feeding frequency (up to threefold) compared to uninfected males.
Infected thrips made significantly more non-ingestion probes, a behavior likely initiating TSWV infection.
These behavioral changes increase the probability of virus inoculation and transmission.

Conclusions:

TSWV infection alters Frankliniella occidentalis feeding behavior to enhance virus transmission.
The observed behavioral modification supports the hypothesis of a conserved transmission-enhancing mechanism in Bunyaviridae.
Vector behavioral modification is evolutionarily significant for diverse parasites across plant and animal kingdoms.