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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Echocardiographic Assessment Using Subxiphoid-Only Examination for Hypotensive Patients
08:45

Echocardiographic Assessment Using Subxiphoid-Only Examination for Hypotensive Patients

Published on: April 18, 2025

Non-Dipper Pattern is a Determinant of the Inappropriateness of Left Ventricular Mass in Essential Hypertensive

Bae Keun Kim1, Young-Hyo Lim, Hyung Tak Lee

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Korean Circulation Journal
|May 25, 2011
PubMed

Insights

The non-dipper blood pressure pattern is linked to inappropriately high left ventricular mass in hypertensive individuals. This finding highlights the importance of monitoring nocturnal blood pressure dipping for cardiovascular risk assessment.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Hypertension Research
  • Clinical Physiology

Background:

  • Inappropriately high left ventricular mass (iLVM) is a known cardiovascular risk factor.
  • Hypertensive patients with a non-dipper pattern exhibit greater mean left ventricular mass than dippers.
  • The relationship between nocturnal dipping status and LV mass appropriateness requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between nocturnal dipping patterns and the appropriateness of left ventricular mass in hypertensive patients.
  • To determine if nocturnal dipping status is an independent predictor of inappropriately high left ventricular mass.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 361 hypertensive patients with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and echocardiography data.
  • Left ventricular mass appropriateness assessed using the observed/predicted ratio (OPR) with a Korean-specific equation.
  • Nocturnal dipping defined as the percentage fall in systolic blood pressure during nighttime compared to daytime.

Main Results:

  • Non-dipper pattern was independently associated with inappropriately high left ventricular mass (odds ratio 2.134, p=0.021).
  • Obesity (BMI >25 kg/m²) was also strongly associated with the non-dipper pattern (odds ratio 3.694, p<0.001).
  • 24-hour systolic blood pressure, age, and body mass index were also significant determinants of OPR.

Conclusions:

  • The non-dipper blood pressure pattern is an independent determinant of inappropriately high left ventricular mass in hypertensive patients.
  • Obesity is also independently associated with the non-dipper pattern.
  • Nocturnal dipping status should be considered in the cardiovascular risk assessment of hypertensive individuals.
Abstract

Keywords:
Blood pressure monitoring, ambulatoryHypertensionHypertrophy, left ventricular

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