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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Stroke: Introduction and Types01:29

Stroke: Introduction and Types

A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...

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A Magnetic Resonance Imaging-based Computational Protocol for Analysis of Plaque Morphology and Hemodynamics in Patients with Carotid Artery Stenosis
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Gene expression differences between stroke-associated and asymptomatic carotid plaques.

Jani Saksi1, Petra Ijäs, Krista Nuotio

  • 1Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box700, Haartmaninkatu 8, FI-00290, Helsinki, Finland. jani.saksi@helsinki.fi

Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin, Germany)
|May 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Gene expression in carotid plaques differs between stroke and asymptomatic patients. This study identifies key genes linked to plaque instability, potentially serving as stroke biomarkers.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Molecular Pathology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Atherosclerotic carotid stenosis is a significant stroke risk factor.
  • Carotid plaques (CPs) associated with stroke may have unique molecular characteristics compared to asymptomatic plaques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the gene expression profiles of CPs from stroke patients versus asymptomatic patients with similar stenosis severity.
  • To identify novel genes involved in carotid plaque destabilization and stroke.

Main Methods:

  • Transcriptional analysis of carotid plaques from stroke (n=12) and asymptomatic (n=9) patients.
  • Differential gene expression analysis and functional clustering.
  • Validation of gene expression in an extended cohort (n=43) and protein expression via immunohistochemistry.

Main Results:

  • Sixty probes showed significant differential expression between stroke and asymptomatic CPs.
  • Enriched gene categories included extracellular-matrix interaction, PPAR gamma signaling, scavenger receptor activity, and lysosomal activity.
  • Key genes like CD36, CD163, FABP4, GLUL, FUCA1, IL1RN, and S100A8 showed significant differential expression and correlated with plaque ulceration, hemorrhage, apoptosis, and proliferation markers.

Conclusions:

  • Significant transcriptome differences exist between stroke-associated and asymptomatic carotid plaques.
  • Identified genes, including novel ones like GLUL, FUCA1, IL1RN, and S100A8, are implicated in plaque destabilization.
  • Further research is needed to explore these genes as potential biomarkers for symptomatic CPs or their role in plaque progression.