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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment
Published on: May 25, 2017
Clostridium difficile infection: a comprehensive review
Melina Kachrimanidou1, Nikolaos Malisiovas
1Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford, UK, OX3 9DU. mkachrim@gmail.com
Abstract:
Clostridium difficile is one of the most important causes of healthcare acquired diarrhea. The disease spectrum caused by C. difficile infection ranges from mild, self-limited, illness to a severe, life-threatening colitis. The incidence of C. difficile associated disease has risen dramatically over the last decade, leading to increased research interest aiming at the discovery of new virulence factors and the development of new treatment and prevention regimens. This review summarizes the pathogenesis and changing epidemiology of C. difficile associated disease, the clinical spectrum and laboratory methods to diagnose C. difficile infection, and current treatment strategies.
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