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Genome-scale techniques highlight the epigenome and redefine fundamental principles of gene regulation

J Wesley Pike1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. pike@biochem.wisc.edu

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
|May 26, 2011
PubMed

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Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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