Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly01:19

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...
Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

Preventive Healthcare Services

Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors01:22

Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors

Antiviral Nucleoside InhibitorsAntiviral nucleoside inhibitors are structural analogs of natural nucleosides that interfere with viral DNA or RNA synthesis. These compounds selectively target viral polymerases due to their resemblance to host nucleosides, thereby disrupting viral genome replication.Mechanism of Acyclovir ActionAcyclovir is a guanosine analog with a three-carbon acyclic side chain. It selectively targets herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2),...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Outcomes for persons with triple-class resistant HIV and a history of virologic failure.

International journal of antimicrobial agents·2026
Same author

Genome-wide association study of untargeted plasma metabolomic profiles identifies host genetic regulation in people with HIV.

HGG advances·2026
Same author

Genetic and transcriptomic signatures of host control in HIV-1 infection.

Retrovirology·2026
Same author

Addressing the interdependencies: the role of global health diplomacy in designing One Health governance.

Science in One Health·2026
Same author

Diagnosing established and acute HIV in the context of facility-based HIV testing services in rural Eswatini: a cross-sectional study.

Sexually transmitted infections·2026
Same author

Acceptance and preferences for different nicotine substitute products to reduce tobacco smoking in people living with HIV: Results from an internal pilot study of a randomized trial.

Tobacco induced diseases·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
05:46

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Published on: April 9, 2014

HIV treatment for prevention.

Juan Ambrosioni1, Alexandra Calmy, Bernard Hirschel

  • 1HIV Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.

Journal of the International AIDS Society
|May 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary

No virus means no transmission. Treating all individuals with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) immediately after infection could end the epidemic, but challenges remain in testing and treatment access. Further research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of "test-and-treat" strategies.

More Related Videos

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings
19:57

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

Published on: March 30, 2014

Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice
06:07

Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice

Published on: October 6, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
05:46

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Published on: April 9, 2014

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings
19:57

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

Published on: March 30, 2014

Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice
06:07

Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice

Published on: October 6, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Viral load is the primary predictor of HIV transmission.
  • Effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses viral load to undetectable levels.
  • Current challenges include identifying all infected individuals, ensuring treatment access, adherence, and managing drug resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of a "test-and-treat" strategy to eliminate the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
  • To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of widespread HIV testing and immediate treatment.
  • To address the uncertainties surrounding the preventive benefits of ART in asymptomatic individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing studies on viral load and HIV transmission.
  • Analysis of current challenges in HIV testing and treatment access.
  • Discussion of modeling studies and their limitations.
  • Consideration of ongoing large-scale randomized trials evaluating "test-and-treat".

Main Results:

  • Studies indicate a strong correlation between viral load and HIV transmission risk.
  • ART significantly reduces viral load, potentially lowering transmission rates.
  • Some communities with high ART coverage show decreased HIV incidence, though causation is not definitively proven.
  • Ongoing trials aim to provide definitive data on the "test-and-treat" approach.

Conclusions:

  • While "test-and-treat" holds theoretical promise, its widespread implementation faces significant logistical, ethical, and practical hurdles.
  • Current evidence supports prioritizing treatment for all individuals with HIV according to existing medical guidelines.
  • Further research and definitive data from ongoing trials are crucial before adopting "test-and-treat" globally.