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Related Concept Videos

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.
Fast Reactions01:27

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Fast reactions occurring in times shorter than the time needed to mix reactants pose a unique challenge for investigation. In a liquid-phase continuous-flow system, reactants A and B are swiftly pushed into the mixing chamber, where mixing occurs within 1 ms. The reaction mixture then flows through an observation tube, and one measures light absorption to determine species concentrations at various points of the tube. This method is most appropriate when relatively large volumes of reactants...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Fluorescence detection methods for microfluidic droplet platforms
14:16

Fluorescence detection methods for microfluidic droplet platforms

Published on: December 10, 2011

UV reactor flow visualization and mixing quantification using three-dimensional laser-induced fluorescence.

Varun Gandhi1, Philip J W Roberts, Thorsten Stoesser

  • 1School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 200 Bobby Dodd Way, Atlanta, GA 30332-0373, USA.

Water Research
|May 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Three-dimensional laser-induced fluorescence visualized mixing in UV reactors, revealing flow paths and UV exposure zones. This technique aids in optimizing UV disinfection reactor design and performance.

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Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

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Quantifying Mixing using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
07:33

Quantifying Mixing using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: January 25, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Optical diagnostics
  • UV disinfection technology

Background:

  • Understanding mixing is crucial for effective UV disinfection.
  • UV reactors require optimization for uniform dose delivery.
  • Flow patterns around bluff bodies, like UV sleeves, influence mixing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To visualize and quantitatively analyze mixing in a lab-scale UV reactor.
  • To investigate the impact of flow paths on UV dose delivery.
  • To develop and apply a novel three-dimensional laser-induced fluorescence (3DLIF) technique.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized three-dimensional laser-induced fluorescence (3DLIF) for visualization.
  • Analyzed mixing in a lab-scale UV reactor with a perpendicular lamp sleeve.
  • Injected dye at various heights to map multiple flow paths.

Main Results:

  • Successfully visualized recirculation zones and von Karman vortex shedding.
  • Identified flow paths with varying residence times and UV exposure near the sleeve.
  • Observed higher velocities and minimal sleeve influence in paths away from the center height.

Conclusions:

  • 3DLIF provides critical insights into UV dose delivery within reactors.
  • Flow path analysis is essential for optimizing UV reactor design.
  • The study offers a new method for enhancing UV disinfection efficiency.