Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Insulin Secretory Vesicles01:05

Insulin Secretory Vesicles

7.0K
Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
7.0K
Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways01:28

Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways

3.5K
Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but...
3.5K
Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

801
Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into...
801
Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

1.5K
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment...
1.5K
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

850
Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
850
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

2.6K
The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
2.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Real-World Weight Loss Is Associated With a Reduction in Cancer Risk.

Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)·2026
Same author

Dosing, treatment patterns and safety of finerenone use in routine care: an interim analysis of the prospective, real-world and observational FINE-REAL study.

Clinical kidney journal·2025
Same author

An Integrated Interprofessional Continuing Medical Education and Quality Improvement Initiative to Address Cardiovascular and Renal Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Community-Based Primary Care Practices.

Journal of CME·2025
Same author

Change in urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and clinical outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes.

BMJ open diabetes research & care·2025
Same author

Changes in urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and health care resource utilization and costs in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease.

Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy·2025
Same author

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and pancreatitis: A reconcilable divorce.

Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Pregnancy and Nursing Management for Embryo-Transferred and Genetically Modified Rabbits
04:29

Pregnancy and Nursing Management for Embryo-Transferred and Genetically Modified Rabbits

Published on: December 13, 2024

1.4K

Insulin glargine use during pregnancy.

Kevin M Pantalone1, Charles Faiman, Leann Olansky

  • 1Endocrinology and Metabolism Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. pantalk@ccf.org

Endocrine Practice : Official Journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
|May 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Insulin glargine use in pregnancy is safe, showing no increased mitogenicity or significant placental transfer. Improved glycemic control benefits likely outweigh unproven risks for pregnant individuals with diabetes.

More Related Videos

A Novel Use of Three-dimensional High-frequency Ultrasonography for Early Pregnancy Characterization in the Mouse
07:04

A Novel Use of Three-dimensional High-frequency Ultrasonography for Early Pregnancy Characterization in the Mouse

Published on: October 24, 2017

9.0K
Transabdominal Ultrasound for Pregnancy Diagnosis in Reeves' Muntjac Deer
09:26

Transabdominal Ultrasound for Pregnancy Diagnosis in Reeves' Muntjac Deer

Published on: January 7, 2014

10.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Pregnancy and Nursing Management for Embryo-Transferred and Genetically Modified Rabbits
04:29

Pregnancy and Nursing Management for Embryo-Transferred and Genetically Modified Rabbits

Published on: December 13, 2024

1.4K
A Novel Use of Three-dimensional High-frequency Ultrasonography for Early Pregnancy Characterization in the Mouse
07:04

A Novel Use of Three-dimensional High-frequency Ultrasonography for Early Pregnancy Characterization in the Mouse

Published on: October 24, 2017

9.0K
Transabdominal Ultrasound for Pregnancy Diagnosis in Reeves' Muntjac Deer
09:26

Transabdominal Ultrasound for Pregnancy Diagnosis in Reeves' Muntjac Deer

Published on: January 7, 2014

10.9K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Diabetes in pregnancy requires careful glycemic management.
  • Insulin glargine is a long-acting basal insulin analog.
  • Concerns exist regarding its safety during gestation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review literature on insulin glargine use in pregnancy.
  • To assess mitogenicity, placental transfer, and maternal-fetal safety.
  • To inform clinical decision-making for pregnant patients with diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of MEDLINE and BIOSIS Previews.
  • Inclusion of English-language studies and abstracts up to March 2011.
  • Hand-searching of reference lists for additional relevant articles.

Main Results:

  • 23 reports covering 1001 pregnancies were analyzed.
  • Insulin glargine showed no enhanced mitogenic activity compared to native insulin.
  • Transplacental transfer of insulin glargine appears negligible; no consistent adverse outcomes observed.

Conclusions:

  • Insulin glargine use is justifiable for uncontrolled diabetes in pregnancy.
  • Benefits of improved glycemic control are expected to exceed potential risks.
  • Consider insulin glargine for patients already on it preconception.