16p13.11 duplication is a risk factor for a wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders

The chromosome 16p13.11 heterozygous deletion is associated with a diverse array of neuropsychiatric disorders including intellectual disabilities, autism, schizophrenia, epilepsy and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. However the clinical significance of its reciprocal duplication is not clearly defined yet. We evaluated 1645 consecutive pediatric patients with various developmental disorders by high-resolution microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization and identified four deletions and eight duplications within the 16p13.11 region, representing ∼0.73% (12/1645) of the patients analyzed. Recurrent clinical features in these patients include mental retardation/intellectual disability, autism, seizure, dysmorphic feature or multiple congenital anomalies. Our data expand the spectrum of the clinical findings in patients with these genomic abnormalities and provide further support for the pathogenic involvement of this duplication in patients who carry them.