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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs. “eh”). Phonemes combine to...
Inductive Reasoning00:59

Inductive Reasoning

Inductive reasoning is a form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion. It is uncertain and operates in degrees to which the conclusions are credible. As such, inductive arguments can be weak or strong, rather than valid or invalid, and conclusions can be used to formulate testable, falsifiable hypotheses.Inductive reasoning is common in descriptive science. A life scientist makes observations and records them. This data can be qualitative or...
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
How Data are Classified: Categorical Data01:11

How Data are Classified: Categorical Data

A variable, usually notated by capital letters such as X and Y, is a characteristic or measurement that can be determined for each member of a population. Data are the actual values of variables. They may be numbers, or they may be words. Datum is a single value.
Data are classified based on whether they are measurable or not. Categorical data cannot be measured; instead, it can be divided into categories. For example, if Y denotes a person's party affiliation, some examples of Y include...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms
07:31

Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms

Published on: February 8, 2019

Using spoken words to guide open-ended category formation.

Aneesh Chauhan1, Luís Seabra Lopes

  • 1Instituto de Engenharia Electrónica e Telemática de Aveiro (IEETA), Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal. aneesh.chauhan@ua.pt

Cognitive Processing
|May 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel robot learning architecture for acquiring object names and categories through human interaction. The system enables robots to learn new words and concepts incrementally, similar to how children learn language.

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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
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Published on: July 13, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Robotics
  • Cognitive Science
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Computational Linguistics

Background:

  • Naming is crucial for cognitive categorization, linking words to objects.
  • Early word learning in children strongly influences conceptual development.
  • Language acquisition is increasingly viewed as a social and cultural process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel robot learning architecture for category formation and vocabulary acquisition.
  • To enable robots to learn incrementally through active human interaction.
  • To facilitate language grounding in robots, akin to the single-word stage in children.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an open-ended learning architecture for robots with visual and auditory sensors.
  • Implemented a human instructor role to teach object names via speech in a shared environment.
  • Utilized robot perceptual input for word grounding and dynamic category organization.

Main Results:

  • The robot successfully grounded spoken words to perceptual input.
  • The system demonstrated incremental acquisition of new categories and names.
  • Experiments using a language game with corrective feedback validated the learning system.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed architecture enables robots to learn vocabulary and form categories through human-robot interaction.
  • The system's ability to learn incrementally supports open-ended development.
  • This approach offers a pathway for robots to develop language grounding capabilities.