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Related Concept Videos

Mixtures of Acids01:19

Mixtures of Acids

The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending on the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
In a strong and weak acid mixture, the strong acid dissociates completely and becomes a source of almost all the hydronium ions present in the solution. In contrast, the weak acid shows...
Mixtures of Acids03:27

Mixtures of Acids

The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and its initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending upon the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
A Mixture of a Strong Acid and a Weak Acid
In a mixture of a strong acid and a weak acid, the strong acid dissociates completely and becomes a source of almost all the hydronium ions...
Polyprotic Acids03:38

Polyprotic Acids

Acids are classified by the number of protons per molecule that they can give up in a reaction. Acids such as HCl, HNO3, and HCN that contain one ionizable hydrogen atom in each molecule are called monoprotic acids. Their reactions with water are:
Weak Acid Solutions04:02

Weak Acid Solutions

Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
Titration Calculations: Strong Acid - Strong Base02:28

Titration Calculations: Strong Acid - Strong Base

Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Strong Acid/Strong Base
A titration is carried out for 25.00 mL of 0.100 M HCl (strong acid) with 0.100 M of a strong base NaOH. The pH at different volumes of added base solution can be calculated as follows:
(a) Titrant volume = 0 mL. The solution pH is due to the acid ionization of HCl. Because this is a strong acid, the ionization is complete and the hydronium ion molarity is 0.100 M. The pH of the solution is then:
Titration Calculations: Weak Acid - Strong Base03:55

Titration Calculations: Weak Acid - Strong Base

Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Weak Acid/Strong Base
For the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.100 M CH3CO2H with 0.100 M NaOH, the reaction can be represented as:

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Synthesis of High Purity Nonsymmetric Dialkylphosphinic Acid Extractants
12:06

Synthesis of High Purity Nonsymmetric Dialkylphosphinic Acid Extractants

Published on: October 19, 2017

Superconcentrated hydrochloric acid.

Kun Huang1, Hui Zhou, Anqi He

  • 1Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|May 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a superconcentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution using a simple reversed micelle system. This novel superconcentrated HCl exhibits a high molar ratio of H(+) to H(2)O, enabling new catalytic reactions.

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Automated, High-resolution Mobile Collection System for the Nitrogen Isotopic Analysis of NOx
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Area of Science:

  • Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Conventional saturated hydrochloric acid (HCl) solutions have limitations in molar ratios of H(+) to H(2)O.
  • Achieving high concentrations of HCl in aqueous solutions is challenging.
  • Exploring novel solvent systems can lead to enhanced chemical reactivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the discovery of a superconcentrated HCl solution.
  • To investigate the properties and potential applications of this novel HCl system.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of using this superconcentrated HCl in organic synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a simple surfactant-based reversed micelle system to create superconcentrated HCl.
  • Employed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to analyze the solution's composition.
  • Investigated the reactivity of the superconcentrated HCl in organic reactions, specifically addition reactions.

Main Results:

  • Successfully prepared a superconcentrated HCl solution at ambient temperature and pressure.
  • Achieved molar ratios of H(+) to H(2)O (n(H+)/n(H2O)) greater than 5, significantly exceeding conventional solutions (approx. 0.28).
  • Spectroscopic analysis indicated a substantial presence of molecular HCl alongside ionized species.
  • Demonstrated a catalyst-free addition reaction between C=C bonds and HCl in the superconcentrated solution.

Conclusions:

  • A novel superconcentrated HCl system has been developed using a reversed micelle approach.
  • This superconcentrated HCl exhibits unique properties, including a high proportion of molecular HCl.
  • The superconcentrated HCl shows potential for promoting organic reactions not feasible with conventional solutions, such as catalyst-free addition reactions.