Increasing effect of vanadate on lipoprotein lipase activity in isolated rat fat pads

Vanadate increased lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in the isolated fat pads in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The increasing effect of vanadate was inhibited by amiloride, similar to that of insulin, and it also was not additive to that of insulin. Although the increasing effects of vanadate and insulin were preserved in K(+)-free medium, appreciable decreases in both effects were observed by replacement of Na+ with choline ion or omission of Ca2+ in the medium. Vanadate showed the full effect in the presence of cycloheximide at concentrations that inhibited protein synthesis of the fat pads, suggesting that the action of vanadate is not due to the increase in protein synthesis. Tetrakis (acetoxymethyl) ester of quin 2 at 50 microM concentration never inhibited the action of vanadate though it showed a little inhibition at a concentration of 300 microM. No inhibition of the action of vanadate was observed with ruthenium red. These results suggest that vanadate increases the LPL activity via a process less sensitive to the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Adrenaline, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine all inhibited the action of vanadate, suggesting that the action is inhibited with increase in the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP. Monensin and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone inhibited the action of vanadate. In contrast, the action of insulin was never inhibited by monensin. Tunicamycin and 2-deoxyglucose, at rather high concentrations, inhibited both actions. These findings suggest that vanadate increases the LPL activity through mechanisms of action involving amiloride- and monensin-sensitive pathways dependent on energy.