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Related Concept Videos

Tissue Transplantation01:24

Tissue Transplantation

Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients
18:48

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients

Published on: August 12, 2017

Costimulatory pathways in transplantation.

Nina Pilat1, Mohamed H Sayegh, Thomas Wekerle

  • 1Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

Seminars in Immunology
|May 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary

T cell costimulation is crucial for immune responses. Understanding both activating and inhibitory signals, and targeting costimulation pathways, offers potential for improving organ transplantation tolerance.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Transplantation Biology
  • Cellular Signaling

Background:

  • T cell activation requires both T cell receptor (TCR) and costimulatory signals.
  • Lack of costimulation leads to T cell tolerance, making it a key area of research.
  • Costimulation blockade has shown promise in preclinical transplantation models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of the concept of T cell costimulation.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of costimulation pathways in organ transplantation.
  • To discuss the clinical progress of costimulation-blocking agents.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of landmark studies and recent advancements in T cell costimulation.
  • Analysis of the role of costimulation in T cell activation, inhibition, and tolerance.

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Transplantation of Tail Skin to Study Allogeneic CD4 T Cell Responses in Mice
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Transplantation of Tail Skin to Study Allogeneic CD4 T Cell Responses in Mice

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Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients
18:48

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients

Published on: August 12, 2017

Bone Marrow Transplantation Platform to Investigate the Role of Dendritic Cells in Graft-versus-Host Disease
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Bone Marrow Transplantation Platform to Investigate the Role of Dendritic Cells in Graft-versus-Host Disease

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Transplantation of Tail Skin to Study Allogeneic CD4 T Cell Responses in Mice

Published on: July 25, 2014

  • Evaluation of preclinical and clinical data on costimulation blockade in transplantation.

    • Main Results:

    • Costimulation encompasses both activating and inhibitory signals influencing T cell responses.
    • Costimulation blockade is effective in rodent transplantation models but less so in humans.
    • Novel costimulation pathways are emerging as potential therapeutic targets.

    Conclusions:

    • The understanding of T cell costimulation has expanded beyond simple activation signals.
    • Targeting costimulation pathways holds significant therapeutic potential for organ transplantation.
    • Clinical translation of costimulation blockade requires further investigation and optimization.