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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Positron Emission Tomography-based Dose Painting Radiation Therapy in a Glioblastoma Rat Model using the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform

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A robust procedure for verifying TomoTherapy Hi-Art™ source models for small fields.

B Hundertmark¹, E Sterpin, T Mackie

¹Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. bhundertmark@wisc.edu

Physics in Medicine and Biology

|May 28, 2011

Summary

Accurate dosimetry for small radiation fields is challenging. This study introduces a method to measure dose in small slice widths (SWs) for TomoTherapy, revealing source occlusion effects significantly reduce output for SWs under 2 cm.

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Area of Science:

Medical Physics
Radiation Oncology
Radiotherapy Dosimetry

Background:

Accurate dosimetry for small radiation fields (<2 × 2 cm2) is critical but challenging due to detector influences and source occlusion effects.
Modeling small field dosimetric properties is complex, particularly with collimating jaws causing source occlusion.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize small longitudinal slice widths (SWs) of the TomoTherapy Hi-Art machine using topographic dosimetric measurements.
To introduce and quantify the integral scanned dose to slice width ratio (D/SW) to assess source occlusion effects in TomoTherapy.

Main Methods:

Topographic dosimetric measurements were performed on TomoTherapy using static gantry and opened MLC leaves.
Integral doses were measured across longitudinal SWs (0.375–5 cm) using ion chambers and radiographic film.
The (D/SW) ratio was introduced and measured to quantify source occlusion effects.

Main Results:

The (D/SW) ratio measurements were insensitive to the detectors used.
TomoTherapy (D/SW) ratios were near unity for SWs from 5 cm down to approximately 2 cm.
Source occlusion significantly reduced machine output and (D/SW) ratios for SWs smaller than 2 cm.

Conclusions:

The topographic measurement method effectively evaluates small-field source model accuracy in dose calculation algorithms.
Monte Carlo (MC) modeling of TomoTherapy showed sensitivity to electron source spot size for small SWs.
Accurate modeling of source occlusion is crucial for precise dose calculations in small radiation fields.