Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Production and Administration of Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell (MSC) Spheroids Primed in 3-D Cultures Under Xeno-free Conditions
Published on: March 18, 2017
Mesenchymal stromal cell 'licensing': a multistep process
1Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. mauro.krampera@univr.it
Many in vitro and in vivo data are available supporting the role of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) licensing in the induction of a measurable and effective immune regulation. The failure of some MSC-based protocols for immune modulation in animal models and in human clinical trials may be explained by either lack of a proper licensing by inflammatory microenvironment or wrong timing in MSC administration. Thus, optimization of MSC use for immune-regulating purposes is required to maximize their beneficial effects.
Many in vitro and in vivo data are available supporting the role of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) licensing in the induction of a measurable and effective immune regulation. The failure of some MSC-based protocols for immune modulation in animal models and in human clinical trials may be explained by either lack of a proper licensing by inflammatory microenvironment or wrong timing in MSC administration. Thus, optimization of MSC use for immune-regulating purposes is required to maximize their beneficial effects.
Related Concept Videos
Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Somatic cells are...
Stem Cell Niche
