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Urinary Bladder

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...

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The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...

Disorders of the Urinary System

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Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development

Published on: October 30, 2013

Mullerianosis involving the urinary bladder.

Kenneth Ogah¹, Rachael Hartis, Paul Hilton

¹Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, Newcastle, UK. kennethogah@googlemail.com

International Urogynecology Journal

|May 28, 2011

Summary

Mullerianosis, a rare condition involving endometrial-like tissue in the urinary bladder, was diagnosed in a woman with chronic pelvic pain and urinary symptoms. Surgical excision confirmed the diagnosis, highlighting the need for clinical awareness.

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Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development

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Area of Science:

Gynecologic Pathology
Urologic Oncology
Medical Case Reports

Background:

Mullerianosis is a rare benign condition characterized by the presence of endometrial, endocervical, and/or endosalpingeal tissues outside the female reproductive tract.
While mullerianosis can occur in various locations, its involvement of the urinary bladder is exceptionally uncommon.

Observation:

A 45-year-old woman presented with chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, irritative lower urinary tract symptoms, and cyclical hematuria.
Cystoscopy and transurethral biopsy indicated mullerianosis affecting the posterior bladder wall.
Surgical intervention, including partial cystectomy, was performed for complete lesion excision.

Findings:

Histopathological examination of the excised bladder mass confirmed the presence of endometrial, endocervical, and endosalpingeal tissues.
The diagnosis of mullerianosis involving the urinary bladder was definitively established.
The patient experienced a satisfactory postoperative recovery.

Implications:

This case underscores the importance of considering rare diagnoses like bladder mullerianosis in patients presenting with complex pelvic and urinary symptoms.
Increased awareness among clinicians is crucial for accurate diagnosis and timely, appropriate management of this unusual condition.
Further research may elucidate the pathogenesis and optimal treatment strategies for urinary bladder mullerianosis.