A portable, integrated analyzer for microfluidic - based molecular analysis

A portable, fully automated analyzer that provides actuation and flow control to a disposable, self-contained, microfluidic cassette ("chip") for point-of-care, molecular testing is described. The analyzer provides mechanical actuation to compress pouches that pump liquids in the cassette, to open and close diaphragm valves for flow control, and to induce vibrations that enhance stirring. The analyzer also provides thermal actuation for the temperature cycling needed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of nucleic acids and for various drying processes. To improve the temperature uniformity of the PCR chamber, the system utilizes a double-sided heating/cooling scheme with a custom feedforward, variable, structural proportional-integral-derivative (FVSPID) controller. The analyzer includes a programmable central processing unit that directs the sequence and timing of the various operations and that is interfaced with a computer. The disposable cassette receives a sample, and it carries out cell lysis, nucleic acid isolation, concentration, and purification, thermal cycling, and either real time or lateral flow (LF) based detection. The system's operation was demonstrated by processing saliva samples spiked with B. cereus cells. The amplicons were detected with a lateral flow assay using upconverting phosphor reporter particles. This system is particularly suited for use in regions lacking centralized laboratory facilities and skilled personnel.