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Related Concept Videos

Determination01:51

Determination

During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In contrast, determination...
Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the anterior...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Dissection of Xenopus laevis Neural Crest for in vitro Explant Culture or in vivo Transplantation
09:07

Dissection of Xenopus laevis Neural Crest for in vitro Explant Culture or in vivo Transplantation

Published on: March 4, 2014

Epigenetic regulation in neural crest development.

Yifei Liu1, Andrew Xiao

  • 1Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.

Birth Defects Research. Part A, Clinical and Molecular Teratology
|May 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neural crest cells (NCCs) are vital for vertebrate development, forming diverse tissues. This review highlights recent epigenetic findings, particularly chromatin-mediated mechanisms, crucial for NCC development and function.

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Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Dissection of Xenopus laevis Neural Crest for in vitro Explant Culture or in vivo Transplantation
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Published on: March 4, 2014

Analysis of Neural Crest Migration and Differentiation by Cross-species Transplantation
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Published on: February 7, 2012

Isolation and Culture of Neural Crest Cells from Embryonic Murine Neural Tube
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Isolation and Culture of Neural Crest Cells from Embryonic Murine Neural Tube

Published on: June 2, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Neural crest (NC) cells are multipotent and migratory, originating from the dorsal neural fold in vertebrate embryos.
  • NCCs differentiate into various cell types, including skeletal, neural, and endocrine cells, and are crucial for craniofacial development.
  • Disruptions in NCC development are linked to human diseases like neuroblastomas and craniofacial abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding the epigenetic regulation of vertebrate neural crest cell development.
  • To focus on chromatin-mediated mechanisms governing NCC formation and behavior.
  • To highlight the importance of epigenetic factors in NCC stem cell-like properties.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on neural crest cell development.
  • Focus on epigenetic regulation and chromatin-mediated mechanisms.
  • Synthesis of findings related to NCC fate specification, migration, and differentiation.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic regulation, particularly through chromatin modifications, plays a significant role in vertebrate NCC development.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is key to comprehending NCC formation, migration, and differentiation.
  • Recent findings shed light on the complex interplay of genetic and epigenetic factors controlling NCC behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms, especially chromatin-based regulation, are fundamental to vertebrate neural crest cell development.
  • Further research into these mechanisms is essential for understanding normal development and disease pathogenesis.
  • This review consolidates current knowledge on chromatin's role in NCC biology.