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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
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Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
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Extracting the Cochlea from a Human Temporal Bone: A Cadaveric Protocol
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Published on: August 18, 2023

Ontogenetic change in temporal bone pneumatization in humans.

Cheryl A Hill1

  • 1Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, USA. hillche@missouri.edu

Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)
|May 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Temporal bone pneumatization shows distinct developmental patterns throughout human growth. Understanding these ontogenetic changes is crucial for accurate phylogenetic analysis and clinical interpretation.

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Area of Science:

  • Paleoanthropology
  • Human Anatomy
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Temporal bone pneumatization is a key trait in fossil descriptions and phylogenetic studies.
  • Clinical research has explored temporal bone pneumatization, but normal developmental quantification is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically quantify the ontogenetic changes in size and organization of temporal bone pneumatization in humans.
  • To analyze developmental patterns of pneumatized spaces from infancy to adulthood.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans of temporal bones from a cross-sectional human sample (N=28).
  • Analysis of bone volume fractions, anisotropy, trabecular number, thickness, surface area, and volume of pneumatized spaces.

Main Results:

  • Identified general and region-specific patterns of ontogenetic changes in pneumatized space organization.
  • Observed the transition from non-pneumatized to pneumatized bone during development.
  • Demonstrated continued remodeling in early pneumatized regions like the mastoid antrum post-initial pneumatization.

Conclusions:

  • Temporal bone pneumatization exhibits dynamic changes throughout ontogeny.
  • Careful consideration of developmental stages is essential for using pneumatization as a phylogenetic marker.
  • Comparing individuals at similar developmental stages is critical for quantitative analyses of pneumatization.