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Related Concept Videos

G Protein-coupled Receptors01:15

G Protein-coupled Receptors

G Protein-Coupled Receptors or GPCRs are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to sensory stimuli such as light, odors, hormones, cytokines, or neurotransmitters.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical, 7TM, or serpentine receptors, and consist of seven (H1-H7) transmembrane alpha-helices that span the bilayer to form a cylindrical core. The transmembrane helices are connected by three extracellular loops and three...
G Protein-coupled Receptors01:15

G Protein-coupled Receptors

G Protein-Coupled Receptors or GPCRs are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to sensory stimuli such as light, odors, hormones, cytokines, or neurotransmitters.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical, 7TM, or serpentine receptors, and consist of seven (H1-H7) transmembrane alpha-helices that span the bilayer to form a cylindrical core. The transmembrane helices are connected by three extracellular loops and three...
Transducer Mechanism: G Protein–Coupled Receptors01:30

Transducer Mechanism: G Protein–Coupled Receptors

G Protein–Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to various stimuli. GPCRs regulate critical physiological pathways and are excellent drug targets for treating diseases such as diabetes, cancer, obesity, depression, or Alzheimer's. Nearly 35% of approved drugs implement their therapeutic effects by selectively interacting with specific GPCRs.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical, 7TM, or...
GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity01:09

GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity

Some GPCRs transmit signals through adenylyl cyclase (AC), a transmembrane enzyme. AC helps synthesize second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). AC catalyzes cyclization reaction and converts ATP to cAMP by releasing a pyrophosphate. The pyrophosphate is further hydrolyzed to phosphate by the enzyme pyrophosphatase, which drives cAMP synthesis to completion. However, cAMP is rapidly degraded to 5′ AMP by the enzymes phosphodiesterase (PDE), preventing overstimulation of cells.
Two...
G-protein Coupled Receptors01:21

G-protein Coupled Receptors

G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.
G-protein Coupled Receptors01:21

G-protein Coupled Receptors

G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Bead Aggregation Assays for the Characterization of Putative Cell Adhesion Molecules
08:15

Bead Aggregation Assays for the Characterization of Putative Cell Adhesion Molecules

Published on: October 17, 2014

Adhesion-GPCRs in the CNS.

Natalie Strokes1, Xianhua Piao

  • 1Division of Newborn Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|May 31, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play roles in brain development. GPR56 is linked to a human brain malformation and regulates the brain

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Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Bead Aggregation Assays for the Characterization of Putative Cell Adhesion Molecules
08:15

Bead Aggregation Assays for the Characterization of Putative Cell Adhesion Molecules

Published on: October 17, 2014

A Kinetic Fluorescence-based Ca2+ Mobilization Assay to Identify G Protein-coupled Receptor Agonists, Antagonists, and Allosteric Modulators
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A Kinetic Fluorescence-based Ca2+ Mobilization Assay to Identify G Protein-coupled Receptor Agonists, Antagonists, and Allosteric Modulators

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Monitoring GPCR-β-arrestin1/2 Interactions in Real Time Living Systems to Accelerate Drug Discovery

Published on: June 28, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large family of cell surface receptors with diverse functions.
  • Over half of the 33 human adhesion-GPCRs are expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), suggesting critical roles in brain development and function.
  • Adhesion-GPCRs are implicated in neurulation, cortical development, and neurite growth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of GPR56, an adhesion-GPCR, in brain development and its association with bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria (BFPP).
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which GPR56 regulates the integrity of the pial basement membrane.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a Gpr56 knockout mouse model.
  • Examined the expression pattern of GPR56 in the developing brain.
  • Investigated the role of GPR56 in maintaining the pial basement membrane integrity.

Main Results:

  • GPR56 is expressed in radial glial cells during brain development.
  • GPR56 plays a crucial role in regulating the integrity of the pial basement membrane.
  • Disruption of GPR56 function leads to a breached pial basement membrane, consistent with BFPP pathology.

Conclusions:

  • GPR56 is essential for proper brain development by maintaining the integrity of the pial basement membrane.
  • GPR56's interaction with extracellular matrix ligands is critical for preventing brain malformations like BFPP.
  • Further research into GPR56 function could offer insights into treating human brain malformations.