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Related Concept Videos

Transducer Mechanism: G Protein–Coupled Receptors01:30

Transducer Mechanism: G Protein–Coupled Receptors

G Protein–Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to various stimuli. GPCRs regulate critical physiological pathways and are excellent drug targets for treating diseases such as diabetes, cancer, obesity, depression, or Alzheimer's. Nearly 35% of approved drugs implement their therapeutic effects by selectively interacting with specific GPCRs.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical, 7TM, or...
GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity01:09

GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity

Some GPCRs transmit signals through adenylyl cyclase (AC), a transmembrane enzyme. AC helps synthesize second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). AC catalyzes cyclization reaction and converts ATP to cAMP by releasing a pyrophosphate. The pyrophosphate is further hydrolyzed to phosphate by the enzyme pyrophosphatase, which drives cAMP synthesis to completion. However, cAMP is rapidly degraded to 5′ AMP by the enzymes phosphodiesterase (PDE), preventing overstimulation of cells.
Two...
G Protein-coupled Receptors01:15

G Protein-coupled Receptors

G Protein-Coupled Receptors or GPCRs are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to sensory stimuli such as light, odors, hormones, cytokines, or neurotransmitters.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical, 7TM, or serpentine receptors, and consist of seven (H1-H7) transmembrane alpha-helices that span the bilayer to form a cylindrical core. The transmembrane helices are connected by three extracellular loops and three...
G Protein-coupled Receptors01:15

G Protein-coupled Receptors

G Protein-Coupled Receptors or GPCRs are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to sensory stimuli such as light, odors, hormones, cytokines, or neurotransmitters.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical, 7TM, or serpentine receptors, and consist of seven (H1-H7) transmembrane alpha-helices that span the bilayer to form a cylindrical core. The transmembrane helices are connected by three extracellular loops and three...
G-protein Coupled Receptors01:21

G-protein Coupled Receptors

G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.
G-protein Coupled Receptors01:21

G-protein Coupled Receptors

G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

A Kinetic Fluorescence-based Ca2+ Mobilization Assay to Identify G Protein-coupled Receptor Agonists, Antagonists, and Allosteric Modulators
07:41

A Kinetic Fluorescence-based Ca2+ Mobilization Assay to Identify G Protein-coupled Receptor Agonists, Antagonists, and Allosteric Modulators

Published on: February 20, 2018

Signal transduction mediated through adhesion-GPCRs.

Norikazu Mizuno, Hiroshi Itoh

    Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
    |May 31, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    Adhesion-GPCRs signaling is complex due to their structure and orphan status. This chapter reviews known pathways and details methods to investigate G protein-coupled receptor 56 (GPR56) signal transduction.

    Area of Science:

    • Cellular Biology
    • Biochemistry
    • Molecular Biology

    Background:

    • Most adhesion-GPCRs (aGPCRs) are orphan receptors with uncharacterized signaling pathways.
    • aGPCRs possess a unique structure with a cleaved extracellular domain (ECD) and a seven-transmembrane (7TM) domain.
    • Understanding aGPCR signaling is crucial for elucidating cellular communication and function.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review existing literature on G protein-dependent and -independent signaling in aGPCRs.
    • To present a methodology for investigating the signal transduction of the specific aGPCR, GPR56.
    • To contribute to the unravelling of complex aGPCR signaling cascades.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of G protein-dependent and -independent signaling pathways.

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    Measuring G-protein-coupled Receptor Signaling via Radio-labeled GTP Binding
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    Measuring G-protein-coupled Receptor Signaling via Radio-labeled GTP Binding

    Published on: June 9, 2017

    Imaging G-protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR)-mediated Signaling Events that Control Chemotaxis of Dictyostelium Discoideum
    09:40

    Imaging G-protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR)-mediated Signaling Events that Control Chemotaxis of Dictyostelium Discoideum

    Published on: September 20, 2011

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

    A Kinetic Fluorescence-based Ca2+ Mobilization Assay to Identify G Protein-coupled Receptor Agonists, Antagonists, and Allosteric Modulators
    07:41

    A Kinetic Fluorescence-based Ca2+ Mobilization Assay to Identify G Protein-coupled Receptor Agonists, Antagonists, and Allosteric Modulators

    Published on: February 20, 2018

    Measuring G-protein-coupled Receptor Signaling via Radio-labeled GTP Binding
    10:13

    Measuring G-protein-coupled Receptor Signaling via Radio-labeled GTP Binding

    Published on: June 9, 2017

    Imaging G-protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR)-mediated Signaling Events that Control Chemotaxis of Dictyostelium Discoideum
    09:40

    Imaging G-protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR)-mediated Signaling Events that Control Chemotaxis of Dictyostelium Discoideum

    Published on: September 20, 2011

  • Detailed description of experimental approaches to study GPR56 signal transduction.
  • Focus on elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying aGPCR activation and downstream effects.

    • Main Results:

    • Summary of current knowledge regarding diverse aGPCR signaling mechanisms.
    • Identification of key challenges in studying aGPCR signal transduction.
    • Establishment of a framework for future investigations into GPR56 and related receptors.

    Conclusions:

    • The signaling of adhesion-GPCRs is multifaceted, involving both G protein-dependent and -independent pathways.
    • GPR56 represents a key target for understanding aGPCR signal transduction.
    • Further research is essential to fully characterize these receptors and their roles in physiology and disease.