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Related Concept Videos

Ionization Energy03:12

Ionization Energy

The amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from a gaseous atom in its ground state is called its first ionization energy (IE1). The first ionization energy for an element, X, is the energy required to form a cation with 1+ charge:
Arrhenius Plots02:34

Arrhenius Plots

The Arrhenius equation relates the activation energy and the rate constant, k, for chemical reactions. In the Arrhenius equation, k = Ae−Ea/RT, R is the ideal gas constant, which has a value of 8.314 J/mol·K, T is the temperature on the kelvin scale, Ea is the activation energy in J/mole, e is the constant 2.7183, and A is a constant called the frequency factor, which is related to the frequency of collisions and the orientation of the reacting molecules.
The Arrhenius equation can be used to...
Kinetic Energy for a Rigid Body01:13

Kinetic Energy for a Rigid Body

Imagine a solid object involved in a general planar movement, with its center of mass pinpointed at a spot labeled G. The object's kinetic energy relative to an arbitrary point A can be quantified for each of its particles - the ith particle in this case. This measurement is achieved through the employment of the relative velocity definition. The position vector, known as rA, extends from point A to the mass element i.
Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry01:21

Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry

The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
Kinetic Energy - II00:56

Kinetic Energy - II

The kinetic energy of a particle is one-half of the product of the particle’s mass and the square of its speed. Note that just as Newton’s second law can be expressed as either the rate of change of momentum or mass multiplied by the rate of change of velocity, so too can the kinetic energy of a particle be expressed in terms of its mass and momentum, instead of its mass and velocity.
Molecular Kinetic Energy01:21

Molecular Kinetic Energy

The word "gas" comes from the Flemish word meaning "chaos," first used to describe vapors by the chemist J. B. van Helmont. Consider a container filled with gas, with a continuous and random motion of molecules. During collisions, the velocity component parallel to the wall is unchanged, and the component perpendicular to the wall reverses direction but does not change in magnitude. If the molecule’s velocity changes in the x-direction, then its momentum is changed. During the short time of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F&#8722;
06:53

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Published on: July 27, 2018

Ionization energy determination by the kinetic method.

P S Wong1, S Ma, R G Cooks

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1393.

Analytical Chemistry
|May 31, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The kinetic method determines organic compound ionization energies using van der Waals complexes. This technique accurately measures ionization energy for compounds like 3-iodobenzonitrile, offering a simple and versatile approach.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Ionization energies are crucial for understanding molecular behavior.
  • The kinetic method offers a potential route for determining these values.
  • Previous methods may be complex or limited in scope.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish and validate the kinetic method for determining ionization energies of organic compounds.
  • To measure the ionization energy of 3-iodobenzonitrile using this novel approach.
  • To assess the applicability and strengths of the kinetic method.

Main Methods:

  • Generating ionized dimeric complexes of benzene and substituted benzenes via charge exchange chemical ionization with carbon disulfide.
  • Mass-selecting these complexes and inducing dissociation with argon.
  • Analyzing the ratio of resulting radical cation abundances to determine ionization energies.

Main Results:

  • A linear correlation was observed between the logarithm of ion abundance ratios and ionization energies.
  • The ionization energy of 3-iodobenzonitrile was determined to be 9.39 ± 0.05 eV.
  • The method confirmed weakly bound clusters with an effective temperature of 1670 K.

Conclusions:

  • The kinetic method, utilizing van der Waals complexes, is effective for determining organic compound ionization energies.
  • This method is simple, versatile, and applicable to a wide range of compounds.
  • The determined ionization energy for 3-iodobenzonitrile serves as a key validation of the technique.