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Related Concept Videos

Adsorption Isotherms I01:29

Adsorption Isotherms I

Adsorption isotherms are mathematical models that describe how molecules in a gas or liquid phase interact with surfaces. Two of the most common isotherm models are the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, which relate to Type I monolayer chemisorption. The Langmuir model is based on four key assumptions:• Adsorption cannot exceed monolayer coverage.• All surface sites are equivalent.• Molecules adsorb only at vacant sites.• There are no interactions between adsorbed molecules.Consider the...
Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the concentration...
Adsorption Isotherms II01:25

Adsorption Isotherms II

Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) introduced a theory in 1938 that modified Langmuir's assumptions to explain multilayer physical adsorption. This theory is applicable to Type II isotherms and provides a more realistic picture of adsorption processes. The BET theory assumes a uniform solid surface with localized adsorption sites, where adsorption at one site doesn't affect adsorption at neighboring sites. This theory also allows for the possibility of additional molecules being adsorbed on top...
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...
Dialysis01:15

Dialysis

Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...
Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure of Solutions02:40

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure of Solutions

A number of natural and synthetic materials exhibit selective permeation, meaning that only molecules or ions of a certain size, shape, polarity, charge, and so forth, are capable of passing through (permeating) the material. Biological cell membranes provide elegant examples of selective permeation in nature, while dialysis tubing used to remove metabolic wastes from blood is a more simplistic technological example. Regardless of how they may be fabricated, these materials are generally...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Two-way Valorization of Blast Furnace Slag: Synthesis of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate and Zeolitic Heavy Metal Adsorbent
11:14

Two-way Valorization of Blast Furnace Slag: Synthesis of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate and Zeolitic Heavy Metal Adsorbent

Published on: February 21, 2017

Kinetic model of membrane extraction with a sorbent interface.

M J Yang1, M Adams, J Pawliszyn

  • 1The Guelph-Waterloo Center for Graduate Work in Chemistry and the Waterloo Center for Groundwater Research, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1.

Analytical Chemistry
|May 31, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Membrane extraction with a sorbent interface (MESI) offers a solvent-free, automated method for trace organic analysis. Headspace MESI enhances durability and simplifies VOC extraction from various sample types.

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Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes
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Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Two-way Valorization of Blast Furnace Slag: Synthesis of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate and Zeolitic Heavy Metal Adsorbent
11:14

Two-way Valorization of Blast Furnace Slag: Synthesis of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate and Zeolitic Heavy Metal Adsorbent

Published on: February 21, 2017

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes
09:42

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes

Published on: January 16, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Trace organic analysis requires efficient sample preparation.
  • Traditional methods can be complex, solvent-intensive, and prone to issues like system plugging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate the headspace configuration of Membrane Extraction with a Sorbent Interface (MESI).
  • To develop and validate a mathematical model for headspace MESI of aqueous samples.
  • To investigate the impact of extraction parameters on MESI system performance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a solvent-free, single-step Membrane Extraction with a Sorbent Interface (MESI) system.
  • Employed a headspace configuration for MESI, eliminating the need for sampling pumps.
  • Developed a mathematical model for headspace MESI from aqueous samples, assuming a perfectly stirred phase.
  • Validated the model against experimental benzene extraction data using high-speed stirring and sonication.

Main Results:

  • The headspace MESI configuration demonstrated superior durability and versatility.
  • The mathematical model accurately predicted experimental benzene extraction results.
  • Analyte mass transport, improved by sample agitation, enhanced system sensitivity and reduced response time.
  • Increased extraction temperature positively correlated with improved method sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Headspace MESI is a robust, versatile, and simplified approach for trace organic analysis.
  • The developed mathematical model provides valuable insights into headspace MESI parameters.
  • Optimizing sample agitation and temperature can significantly improve MESI performance for VOC analysis.