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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...

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MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism
09:05

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism

Published on: February 6, 2017

Adenovirus and miRNAs.

Elena Carnero1, James D Sutherland, Puri Fortes

  • 1Department of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|May 31, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adenovirus infection disrupts cellular RNA interference (RNAi) by overwhelming key factors with viral RNAs. This viral interference impacts cellular microRNA function and gene expression, offering therapeutic strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Adenovirus infection significantly impacts cellular RNA silencing pathways.
  • Viral non-coding RNAs, such as virus-associated (VA) RNAs, interfere with RNA interference (RNAi) processing factors like Dicer and Exportin 5.
  • VA RNAs are processed into viral microRNAs (mivaRNAs) that can inhibit cellular microRNA (miRNA) function by targeting Argonaute proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which adenoviruses manipulate cellular RNA silencing machinery.
  • To explore the role of viral microRNAs (mivaRNAs) in regulating cellular gene expression during infection.
  • To investigate the therapeutic potential of targeting or utilizing the RNAi pathway in adenovirus infections and gene therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of viral non-coding RNA interactions with host RNA processing factors.
  • Detection and characterization of viral microRNAs (mivaRNAs).
  • Assessment of cellular gene expression changes in response to adenovirus infection and viral miRNA activity.

Main Results:

  • Adenoviruses saturate host RNA interference (RNAi) pathway components, including Dicer and Exportin 5, via high levels of VA RNAs.
  • Viral microRNAs (mivaRNAs) derived from VA RNAs inhibit cellular miRNA function and target cellular genes involved in proliferation, DNA repair, and RNA regulation.
  • The cellular silencing machinery is active early in infection and can be leveraged for therapeutic interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Adenovirus infection actively subverts cellular RNA silencing pathways, impacting miRNA biogenesis and function.
  • Viral miRNAs play a significant role in modulating host gene expression during infection.
  • Understanding these interactions provides avenues for developing novel antiviral therapies and safer adenoviral vectors for gene therapy.