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Related Concept Videos

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants01:27

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants

Decongestants are a class of medications used primarily to alleviate nasal congestion, a common symptom resulting from allergies, colds, sinusitis, and other upper respiratory tract infections. These drugs work by activating α-adrenergic receptors, constricting small blood vessels in the nasal membranes. This action results in the opening of clogged nasal passages, thereby facilitating sinus drainage and relieving congestion.
Most decongestants are readily available over-the-counter in various...
Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...

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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay
06:08

Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay

Published on: September 22, 2023

Types of rhinitis.

Kevin F Wilson1, Matthew E Spector, Richard R Orlandi

  • 1Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA. kevin.wilson@hsc.utah.edu

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America
|May 31, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rhinitis affects 20% of people. Nonallergic rhinitis involves poorly understood inflammation and neurogenic mechanisms, requiring symptom-based treatment and avoidance of triggers.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Rhinitis is a common condition impacting up to 20% of the global population.
  • Chronic rhinitis presents as allergic, infectious, or nonallergic/noninfectious types.
  • Nonallergic rhinitis pathophysiology is complex, involving poorly understood inflammatory and neurogenic pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the classification and pathophysiology of rhinitis.
  • To highlight the diagnostic approaches for differentiating rhinitis subtypes.
  • To outline current treatment strategies for rhinitis management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of rhinitis classification, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • Analysis of the underlying mechanisms in nonallergic rhinitis.
  • Synthesis of clinical guidelines and research findings.

Main Results:

  • Rhinitis classification relies on clinical history and allergy testing.
  • Nonallergic rhinitis pathogenesis is multifactorial, including inflammatory and neurogenic components.
  • Effective rhinitis treatment necessitates trigger avoidance and targeted pharmacotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate rhinitis diagnosis is crucial for effective management.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate nonallergic rhinitis mechanisms.
  • Personalized treatment plans improve symptom control in rhinitis patients.