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Related Concept Videos

Flow Cytometry01:23

Flow Cytometry

The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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Assessing microbial populations is crucial for understanding microbial roles in health, ecology, and industry. Various complementary techniques—both culture-based and molecular—enable detailed analysis of microbial abundance, diversity, and function.Viable Plate CountThe viable plate count is a traditional culture-based method used to estimate the number of living microbes in a sample. After serial dilution, the sample is spread onto nutrient agar plates. Each viable cell forms a visible...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Multi-timescale Microscopy Methods for the Characterization of Fluorescently-labeled Microbubbles for Ultrasound-Triggered Drug Release
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Multi-timescale Microscopy Methods for the Characterization of Fluorescently-labeled Microbubbles for Ultrasound-Triggered Drug Release

Published on: June 12, 2021

Microbubble sizing and shell characterization using flow cytometry.

Juan Tu1, Jarred E Swalwell, David Giraud

  • 1Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P R China.

IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control
|May 31, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A modified flow cytometer effectively characterizes ultrasound contrast microbubbles, measuring their size, population, and shell properties like viscosity and elasticity. This method provides valuable insights into microbubble physical characteristics.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Acoustics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Ultrasound contrast agents are crucial for diagnostic imaging.
  • Accurate characterization of microbubble physical properties is essential for optimizing their performance and safety.
  • Existing methods for microbubble characterization can be complex or limited in scope.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a modified flow cytometry technique for characterizing individual ultrasound contrast microbubbles.
  • To quantify microbubble size distribution, population, and key shell parameters (shear modulus, shear viscosity).
  • To investigate the relationship between microbubble size, acoustic pressure, and shell properties.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a modified flow cytometer for individual microbubble analysis.
  • Employed Mie theory for light scattering modeling and calibration with beads.
  • Quantified shell parameters by fitting microbubble response data to a bubble dynamics model at varying acoustic pressures (95–333 kPa).

Main Results:

  • Direct measurement of microbubble size distribution and population using flow cytometry.
  • Quantified shell shear viscosity increases with microbubble size and decreases with shear rate, independent of driving pressure.
  • Shell elasticity was found to be independent of microbubble size.

Conclusions:

  • A modified flow cytometer is an effective tool for comprehensive characterization of ultrasound contrast microbubbles.
  • The study provides detailed insights into the physical properties of microbubble shells.
  • This technique can aid in the development and quality control of ultrasound contrast agents.