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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

An Integrated Platform for Genome-wide Mapping of Chromatin States Using High-throughput ChIP-sequencing in Tumor Tissues
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An Integrated Platform for Genome-wide Mapping of Chromatin States Using High-throughput ChIP-sequencing in Tumor Tissues

Published on: April 5, 2018

Epigenetic regulation in cancer development.

Elisa Caffarelli1, Patrizia Filetici

  • 1Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari, Laboratorio Acidi Nucleici, Sapienza Universita di Roma, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.

Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition)
|May 31, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetic mechanisms, including chromatin modifications and small RNAs, regulate gene expression and cell transformation. These epigenetic processes are increasingly recognized for their direct involvement in cancer development.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Epigenetics involves heritable changes in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence.
  • Recent discoveries highlight novel protein factors and small RNAs in gene expression regulation.
  • Epigenetic modifications on histones and DNA impact genome compaction and cellular function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of epigenetic phenomena.
  • To describe epigenetic mechanisms implicated in cell transformation and cancerogenesis.
  • To highlight the role of chromatin modifiers, remodelling proteins, and small RNAs in cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on epigenetic mechanisms.
  • Analysis of the role of post-translational modifications on histone tails and DNA.
  • Examination of small RNA functions in cellular regulation and cancer.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic phenomena are crucial in regulating gene expression and driving cell transformation.
  • Chromatin modifiers and remodelling proteins control genome compaction.
  • Small RNAs (21-23 nucleotides) act as key regulators, influencing differentiation and acting as oncogenes or oncosuppressors.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms are fundamentally involved in cancerogenesis.
  • Understanding these epigenetic processes is vital for cancer research.
  • Further investigation into epigenetic regulators may reveal new therapeutic targets.