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Related Concept Videos

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
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Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
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Stages of Infection01:26

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Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
Infection01:20

Infection

When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
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Infectious diseases arise from intricate interactions between pathogens and their reservoirs. A reservoir of infection refers to the natural habitat where a pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies, serving as a continual source of infection. Reservoirs are broadly classified as either living or nonliving, and each plays a unique role in disease transmission, significantly influencing public health interventions and control strategies.Humans act as reservoirs for a wide array of pathogens,...

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RAGE during infectious diseases.

Marieke A D van Zoelen1, Ahmed Achouiti, Tom van der Poll

  • 1Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. M.A.D.vanZoelen@umcutrecht.nl

Frontiers in Bioscience (Scholar Edition)
|May 31, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) plays a key role in host defense against infections by recognizing damage-associated molecular patterns. Inhibiting RAGE can impair the immune response and worsen bacterial infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a multiligand receptor highly expressed in the lungs.
  • RAGE, alongside Toll-like receptors (TLRs), is involved in pattern recognition, sensing both pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs).
  • Infection triggers the release of DAMPs like high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and S100A12.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review experimental studies on the role of RAGE and its ligands in host defense during clinically relevant infections.
  • To provide insights into how RAGE signaling influences inflammatory responses and leukocyte recruitment in infection models.
  • To explore the potential of targeting RAGE for improved therapies against specific pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental studies investigating RAGE signaling pathways.
  • Analysis of RAGE's role in sensing DAMPs and its involvement in NF-kappaB activation.
  • Examination of RAGE as an endothelial adhesion receptor for leukocyte integrins and its effect on leukocyte recruitment.
  • Assessment of RAGE inhibition effects in various infectious models (cecal ligation and puncture, S. pneumoniae pneumonia, E. coli sepsis).

Main Results:

  • Engagement of RAGE by ligands activates receptor-dependent signaling and NF-kappaB.
  • RAGE promotes leukocyte recruitment by acting as an endothelial adhesion receptor.
  • RAGE inhibition reduced inflammation in non-infectious and some infectious models.
  • Crucially, RAGE inhibition led to increased bacterial outgrowth and dissemination in an E. coli sepsis model.

Conclusions:

  • RAGE and its ligands are integral to host defense mechanisms during infection.
  • While RAGE inhibition may reduce inflammation, it can also compromise the ability to control bacterial infections.
  • Further understanding of RAGE's complex role may lead to targeted therapeutic strategies for infectious diseases.