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Related Concept Videos

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
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Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations

Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...
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Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation

Palpation involves feeling the body to evaluate texture, size, consistency, and tenderness for assessing cardiovascular health. The following steps are organized in a head-to-toe order:
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Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above the...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Imaging of the Footpad Vasculature in a Murine Hindlimb Gangrene Model
08:16

High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Imaging of the Footpad Vasculature in a Murine Hindlimb Gangrene Model

Published on: March 16, 2022

Severe pretibial myxedema.

Priya Gopie1, Vijay Naraynsingh

  • 1University of the West Indies, Champ Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago. priyagopie@hotmail.com

The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds
|May 31, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pretibial myxedema, a Graves' disease complication, can rarely manifest as severe elephantiasis nostras verrucosa. This case highlights a severe presentation following radioactive iodine therapy.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Imaging of the Footpad Vasculature in a Murine Hindlimb Gangrene Model
08:16

High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Imaging of the Footpad Vasculature in a Murine Hindlimb Gangrene Model

Published on: March 16, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder often associated with thyroid dysfunction.
  • Pretibial myxedema (PTM) is a recognized extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease, affecting approximately 4.3% of patients.
  • Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa (ENV) represents a rare and severe variant of PTM.

Observation:

  • This report details an exceptionally severe case of elephantiasis nostras verrucosa.
  • The patient had a history of Graves' disease.
  • The severe manifestation of ENV occurred subsequent to radioactive iodine therapy.

Findings:

  • Pretibial myxedema (PTM) affects the lower extremities, particularly the pretibial areas and dorsum of the foot.
  • Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa (ENV), a severe form of PTM, is observed in less than 1% of Graves' disease cases.
  • This case represents one of the most severe documented instances of ENV.

Implications:

  • Radioactive iodine therapy may be associated with the development of severe pretibial myxedema.
  • Understanding risk factors and clinical presentations of severe PTM variants is crucial for patient management.
  • Further research into the pathogenesis of ENV following thyroid treatments is warranted.