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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

A Large Animal Model for Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Ventricular Failure: Left Pulmonary Artery Ligation and Progressive Main Pulmonary Artery Banding in Sheep

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Pleural effusions occurring with right heart failure.

Anupama G Brixey¹, Richard W Light

¹Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, T-1218 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. anupama.brixey@vanderbilt.edu

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine

|May 31, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Patients with pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure often develop pleural effusions. Early evaluation for right heart failure is crucial in these patients to manage effusions effectively.

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Area of Science:

Cardiology
Pulmonology
Internal Medicine

Background:

Pleural effusions are common in left heart failure.
Pulmonary hypertension and isolated right heart failure are increasingly recognized causes of pleural effusions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the incidence and significance of pleural effusions in patients with pulmonary hypertension and isolated right heart failure.
To highlight the association between pleural effusions and right heart failure severity.

Main Methods:

Review of recent studies evaluating pleural effusions in pulmonary arterial hypertension subtypes.
Analysis of patient data including right atrial pressures and follow-up outcomes.

Main Results:

Incidence of unexplained pleural effusions: 14% in idiopathic/familial PAH, 33% in CTD-associated PAH, 30% in portopulmonary hypertension.
Majority of patients with pleural effusions had isolated right heart failure.
Higher right atrial pressures and mortality in patients with pleural effusions and right heart failure.

Conclusions:

Unexplained pleural effusions are common in several pulmonary arterial hypertension subtypes.
Isolated right heart failure is the likely cause of these effusions.
Patients with pulmonary hypertension should be assessed for pleural effusions and right heart failure.