Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Orthogonal Trajectories01:26

Orthogonal Trajectories

Orthogonal trajectories describe the geometric relationship between two families of curves that intersect each other at right angles. One illustrative case involves a family of parabolas that open sideways along the x-axis. These curves share a common shape but differ by a scaling parameter, resulting in a set of curves that all pass through the origin and widen at different rates.Determining Orthogonal TrajectoriesTo identify the orthogonal trajectories for these parabolas, the first step...
Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...
Structural Classification of Joints01:20

Structural Classification of Joints

Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity. These differences serve to divide the joints of the body into three structural classifications.
A fibrous joint is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective...
Degrees of Freedom01:02

Degrees of Freedom

The degree of freedom for a particular statistical calculation is the number of values that are free to vary. As a result, the minimum number of independent numbers can specify a particular statistic. The degrees of freedom differ greatly depending on known and uncalculated statistical components.
For example, suppose there are three unknown numbers whose mean is 10; although we can freely assign values to the first and second numbers, the value of the last number can not be arbitrarily...
Degrees of Freedom01:02

Degrees of Freedom

The degree of freedom for a particular statistical calculation is the number of values that are free to vary. Thus, the minimum number of independent numbers can specify a particular statistic. The degrees of freedom differ greatly depending on known and uncalculated statistical components.
For example, suppose there are three unknown numbers whose mean is 10; although we can freely assign values to the first and second numbers, the value of the last number can not be arbitrarily assigned.
Anatomical Terminology01:20

Anatomical Terminology

Knowledge of anatomy is essential to understand human biology and medicine. Anatomists and health care professionals use standard terminology to describe the human body with more precision and no ambiguity. Anatomical terms have mostly Greek and Latin-derived roots. Because these languages are rarely used in conversation, the meaning of words remains the same. Each term is made up of a root in between the prefixes and suffixes. The root of a term often refers to an organ, tissue, or condition,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same authorSame journalSame Topic

ACCELERATE-BASSO: early experiences and emerging best practices for ontology development in behavioral and social science research.

Journal of biomedical semantics·2026
Same author

HuBMAP Data Portal: A Resource for Multimodal Spatial and Single-Cell Data of Healthy Human Tissues.

ArXiv·2026
Same author

Harnessing Multiteam Systems in the Development of a Multifaceted Data Repository for Emergency Public Health Response.

Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP·2026
Same author

Knowledge Engineering for Open Science: Building and Deploying Knowledge Bases for Metadata Standards.

AI magazine·2026
Same author

The HuBMAP Framework for Advancing Data FAIRness.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

VO: The Vaccine Ontology.

Scientific data·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Executing Complexity-Increasing Queries in Relational (MySQL) and NoSQL (MongoDB and EXist) Size-Growing ISO/EN 13606 Standardized EHR Databases
07:26

Executing Complexity-Increasing Queries in Relational (MySQL) and NoSQL (MongoDB and EXist) Size-Growing ISO/EN 13606 Standardized EHR Databases

Published on: March 19, 2018

How orthogonal are the OBO Foundry ontologies?

Amir Ghazvinian1, Natalya F Noy, Mark A Musen

  • 1Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, 251 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA. amirg@stanford.edu.

Journal of Biomedical Semantics
|June 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary

The OBO Foundry shows progress in reusing biomedical ontology terms, but significant overlap persists, making true orthogonality challenging. Further development is needed to improve interoperability and reduce redundant definitions.

More Related Videos

Calibration Procedures for Orthogonal Superposition Rheology
08:43

Calibration Procedures for Orthogonal Superposition Rheology

Published on: November 18, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Executing Complexity-Increasing Queries in Relational (MySQL) and NoSQL (MongoDB and EXist) Size-Growing ISO/EN 13606 Standardized EHR Databases
07:26

Executing Complexity-Increasing Queries in Relational (MySQL) and NoSQL (MongoDB and EXist) Size-Growing ISO/EN 13606 Standardized EHR Databases

Published on: March 19, 2018

Calibration Procedures for Orthogonal Superposition Rheology
08:43

Calibration Procedures for Orthogonal Superposition Rheology

Published on: November 18, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical informatics
  • Ontology engineering

Background:

  • Biomedical ontologies are crucial for data integration and knowledge discovery.
  • The OBO Foundry aims to create interoperable reference ontologies.
  • Orthogonality, achieved through term reuse, is a key OBO Foundry principle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess OBO Foundry candidate ontologies' adherence to the orthogonality principle.
  • To analyze term reuse and overlap levels within these ontologies.
  • To track changes in reuse and overlap over one year.

Main Methods:

  • A lexical algorithm was employed for analysis.
  • Examined explicit term reuse across ontologies.
  • Quantified the degree of term overlap between ontologies.
  • Monitored trends in reuse and overlap from 2009 to 2010.

Main Results:

  • 30% of ontologies reused terms; 96% exhibited term overlap.
  • Term reuse increased, while overlap remained stable between 2009-2010.
  • Newly announced OBO Foundry members showed low reuse and overlap.

Conclusions:

  • The OBO Foundry has improved term reuse, advancing toward orthogonality.
  • Substantial overlap among ontologies remains a significant challenge.
  • Achieving complete orthogonality is exceptionally difficult due to the nature of the overlap.