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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters01:11

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters

The upper urinary system comprises two kidneys and two ureters, which are crucial in filtering blood and forming urine.KidneysLocation and Structure:The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs positioned behind the peritoneum on either side of the spine.Kidneys are between the 12th thoracic (T12) and the 3rd lumbar (L3) vertebrae.The position of the liver causes the right kidney to sit slightly lower than the left.Protective Layers:Each kidney is enveloped in a tough, fibrous membrane called the...
Introduction to Urinary System01:13

Introduction to Urinary System

The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra.
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located in the retroperitoneal space, on either side of the vertebral column, between the T12 and L3 vertebrae. They are partially protected by the rib cage and surrounded by perirenal fat, which provides cushioning. They are responsible for urine formation and play critical roles in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte levels, and hormone production. The ureters...
Filtration and Urine Formation01:32

Filtration and Urine Formation

The function of the kidneys is to filter, reabsorb, secrete, and excrete. Every day the kidneys filter nearly 180 liters of blood, initially removing water and solutes but ultimately returning nearly all filtrates into circulation with the help of osmoregulatory hormones. This process removes wastes and toxins but is also crucial to maintain water and electrolyte levels. Most of these functions are performed by the tiny but numerous nephrons contained within the kidneys.
Internal Anatomy of the Kidney01:12

Internal Anatomy of the Kidney

The kidneys are essential organs in the human body, performing a myriad of tasks that maintain homeostasis and overall health.
Anatomical Position and Dimensions
The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs positioned against the posterior abdominal wall on either side of the spine, roughly between the twelfth thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae. Each kidney is typically 10-12 cm long, 5-6 cm wide, and 3-4 cm thick, weighing about 150 grams.
Renal Cortex
The outermost region of the kidney is the...
Physiology of the Genitourinary System II: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion01:22

Physiology of the Genitourinary System II: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

The kidneys maintain homeostasis through filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. Tubular reabsorption and secretion are crucial in forming urine and regulating electrolytes, water balance, and waste elimination.Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion ProcessesTubular reabsorption is the process that reclaims essential substances such as electrolytes, glucose, amino acids, and water from the glomerular filtrate back into the bloodstream. This is achieved through passive and active transport...
Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct01:24

Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct

The renal tubule is divided into three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the Loop of Henle (LOH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Generation of Human Kidney Tubuloids from Tissue and Urine
08:34

Generation of Human Kidney Tubuloids from Tissue and Urine

Published on: April 16, 2021

Developing a kidney and urinary pathway knowledge base.

Simon Jupp1, Julie Klein, Joost Schanstra

  • 1School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, UK. simon.jupp@manchester.ac.uk.

Journal of Biomedical Semantics
|June 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a Semantic Web approach to integrate complex biological data for chronic renal disease research. This knowledge base aids researchers in querying and aggregating information for better understanding of kidney disease pathology.

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Efficient Vascularization of Kidney Organoids through Intracelomic Transplantation in Chicken Embryos
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Efficient Vascularization of Kidney Organoids through Intracelomic Transplantation in Chicken Embryos

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Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Generation of Human Kidney Tubuloids from Tissue and Urine
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Published on: April 16, 2021

Efficient Vascularization of Kidney Organoids through Intracelomic Transplantation in Chicken Embryos
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Efficient Vascularization of Kidney Organoids through Intracelomic Transplantation in Chicken Embryos

Published on: February 17, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Bioinformatics
  • Data Integration
  • Renal Disease Research

Background:

  • Chronic renal disease poses a global health challenge.
  • Early detection requires integrating multi-level experimental data.
  • Life science data integration is complex and often relies on advanced methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a Semantic Web-based knowledge base for integrating high-throughput kidney and urine data.
  • To facilitate data mining and analysis for understanding chronic renal disease.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Semantic Web technologies and a specialized KUP ontology.
  • Integrated external database knowledge by converting it into RDF format.
  • Employed SPARQL for querying integrated data.

Main Results:

  • Developed the Kidney and Urine Proteomics Knowledge Base (KUPKB).
  • Enabled querying of urine-expressed proteins within the context of kidney-expressed genes.
  • Demonstrated a method for integrating diverse biological data layers.

Conclusions:

  • The KUPKB empowers biologists to query across multiple resources for biological insights.
  • Semantic Web technologies facilitate rapid knowledge base conversion and integration.
  • Future considerations include scalability, maintenance, and availability of the KUPKB.