[Mutation analysis and prenatal diagnosis of 2 cases with mucopolysaccharidosis type I]

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I; MIM# 252800) is an autosomal recessive disease that results from the deficiency in the lysosomal enzyme α-L-iduronidase(IDUA). IDUA is one of the enzymes involved in degradation of glycosaminoglycans heparan sulphate and dermatan sulphate. The deficiency of IDUA leads to widespread accumulation of partially degraded mucopolysaccharides inside lysosomes, resulting in progressive cellular and multiorgan dysfunction. Up to now there is no definitely effective treatment for this disorder, therefore it is important to provide an accurate genetic diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis for the MPSI families. This study was conducted to detect IDUA gene mutation in patients with MPSIand make a definite diagnosis of homozygote or heterozygote and make first trimester prenatal diagnosis.

The 2 male probands included in this study were diagnosed as MPSI patients in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, case 1 was 2 years old and case 2 was 5 years old. Genomic DNA was extracted from leucocytes in the 2 patients and 2 mothers' cultured amniocytes. IDUA gene DNA sequence was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the PCR products were sequenced directly. Novel mutations were analyzed in 100 normal chromosomes.

The genotype of case 1 was p.L238R/c.883InsC, while of case 2 was c.531InsT/p.L346R. The fetal case 1 did not inherit the same pathogenic mutations as proband 1, the activity of the IDUA in amniocytes was 9.0 nmol/(h·mg pr). The fetal case 2 inherited the same pathogenic mutations with the proband, the genotype of fetal 2 was c.531InsT/p.L346R, the activity of the IDUA in amniocytes was 0.5 nmol/(h·mg pr).

Of the 4 mutations found in 2 MPS I patients, p. L238R, c.883InsC, c.531InsT were novel. The fetal case 1 was diagnosed as normal fetus while the fetus 2 was diagnosed as affected. The results of the two kinds of prenatal diagnostic methods were correspondent with each other.