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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Complement System01:27

Complement System

The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a membrane...
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

Overview
Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Depletion of Specific Cell Populations by Complement Depletion
06:17

Depletion of Specific Cell Populations by Complement Depletion

Published on: February 5, 2010

Complement deficiency states and associated infections.

Lillemor Skattum1, Marcel van Deuren, Tom van der Poll

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

Molecular Immunology
|June 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The complement system bridges innate and adaptive immunity, crucial for host defense. Deficiencies increase susceptibility to infections and autoimmune diseases, necessitating understanding genetic defects and therapeutic options.

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Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The immune system protects against microbial infections.
  • The complement system is vital for innate and adaptive immunity, bridging these two arms.
  • Complement deficiencies are linked to increased susceptibility to infections and autoimmune diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review genetic defects and molecular abnormalities in complement-deficient individuals.
  • To discuss clinically relevant infections associated with complement deficiencies.
  • To explore prevention and therapy options for complement deficiencies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on complement deficiencies.
  • Analysis of genetic defects and molecular abnormalities.
  • Discussion of clinical manifestations and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Genetic defects in complement proteins lead to varied clinical consequences.
  • Specific complement deficiencies are associated with particular types of infections.
  • Understanding these deficiencies informs prevention and treatment approaches.

Conclusions:

  • The complement system is essential for effective host defense.
  • Complement deficiencies represent a significant clinical challenge with diverse outcomes.
  • Further research into genetic defects and therapeutic interventions is warranted.