Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 1, 2026
06:46
A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
Published on: July 5, 2022
Screening for type 2 diabetes and dysglycemia
Justin B Echouffo-Tcheugui1, Mohammed K Ali, Simon J Griffin
1Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. jechouf@emory.edu
Epidemiologic Reviews
|June 1, 2011
Summary
Screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and dysglycemia is feasible with accurate tools. While cost-effective prevention strategies exist, their routine use and impact on complications require further study.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Public Health
- Preventive Medicine
Background:
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and dysglycemia represent a growing global health challenge.
- Early detection and intervention are crucial for managing these conditions and their associated risks.
Purpose of the Study:
- To critically evaluate the evidence for screening T2DM and dysglycemia.
- To identify knowledge gaps in current screening and prevention strategies.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review of published evidence on screening tools and interventions.
- Analysis of cost-effectiveness and psychological impact of screening.
Main Results:
- Accurate and simple screening tools for T2DM and dysglycemia are available.
- Lifestyle modifications and metformin are cost-effective for T2DM prevention but not routinely applied.
- The impact of diabetes prevention on cardiovascular complications and the effectiveness of cardioprotective therapies in screen-detected diabetes are unclear.
- Economic modeling suggests cost-effectiveness of screening, but empirical data on tangible benefits are lacking.
- Screening for T2DM is psychologically safe; the impact of dysglycemia labeling is uncertain.
Conclusions:
- Development of a comprehensive screening policy for T2DM and dysglycemia is needed.
- Integration with primary and secondary prevention strategies is essential for holistic diabetes management.
- Further research is required to address uncertainties regarding complication prevention and psychological impacts.
Related Concept Videos
01:25Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
01:15Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...
01:15Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy
The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
01:29Hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...
01:26Type II Diabetes I: Introduction
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...