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Dietary composition programmes placental phenotype in mice.

P M Coan1, O R Vaughan, J McCarthy

  • 1Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK. p.m.coan.02@cantab.net

The Journal of Physiology
|June 1, 2011
PubMed
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Maternal diet composition during pregnancy alters placental nutrient transfer. Adaptations in placental phenotype optimize nutrient delivery, impacting fetal development and potentially life expectancy.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Developmental programming
  • Maternal-fetal interface

Background:

  • Maternal diet impacts fetal and adult phenotypes.
  • The effects of maternal diet on placental phenotype are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how varying dietary protein intake during pregnancy affects placental nutrient transfer capacity and phenotype in mice.

Main Methods:

  • Mice were fed diets with 23%, 18%, or 9% casein during pregnancy.
  • Placental nutrient transfer, gene expression (Slc2a1/GLUT1, Igf2), morphology, and fetal weight were analyzed at gestational days 16 and 19.

Main Results:

  • Placental glucose transfer increased with lower protein diets (C18, C9) by day 16, linked to higher Slc2a1/GLUT1 and Igf2 expression.

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  • By day 19, placental glucose transfer remained high in C9 mice, while methyl-aminoisobutyric acid (MeAIB) transfer decreased in C18 mice.
  • Placental weight and transporter expression adapted to dietary protein levels, influencing nutrient transfer efficiency and fetal growth.

    • Conclusions:

    • Placental phenotype exhibits morphological and functional adaptations to optimize nutrient transfer in response to dietary variations.
    • These placental adaptations have significant implications for intrauterine programming and long-term health outcomes, including life expectancy.