Targeting NF-κB and HIF-1 pathways for the treatment of cancer: part I

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Immunology
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Chronic inflammation serves as a crucial link between environmental exposures, infections, and the development of cancer (tumorigenesis).
• The transcription factor Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB) acts as a central mediator in inflammatory and cell proliferation pathways, responding to diverse stimuli.
• Overactivation of NF-κB is frequently observed in various cancers, correlating with poorer patient survival outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the role of chronic inflammation and NF-κB in tumorigenesis.
• To underscore the therapeutic potential of inhibiting NF-κB activation pathways in cancer treatment.
• To review the current status of NF-κB inhibitors in clinical trials and approved cancer therapies.

Main Methods:

• Review of scientific literature focusing on the molecular mechanisms linking inflammation, NF-κB, and cancer.
• Analysis of data from clinical trials investigating NF-κB targeted therapies.
• Examination of approved therapeutic strategies involving NF-κB inhibition.

Main Results:

• NF-κB is a convergent signaling pathway activated by a wide range of stimuli including carcinogens, radiation, and pathogens.
• Sustained NF-κB activation promotes tumor initiation, progression, and resistance to therapy.
• Clinical studies demonstrate the efficacy of NF-κB inhibitors in specific cancer types.

Conclusions:

• Targeting the NF-κB pathway represents a rational and promising strategy for anti-cancer therapy.
• The clinical application of NF-κB inhibitors is expanding, offering new hope for cancer patients.
• Further research into NF-κB signaling is essential for optimizing cancer treatment.