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Calcium and cellular clocks orchestrate cell division.

R B Silver1

  • 1Department of Physiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|January 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
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Cellular events initiating mitosis are triggered by a transient rise in intracellular calcium (Ca2+), regulated by pumps and channels. This calcium signal is crucial for cell division timing and coordination.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Mitosis is a fundamental cellular process involving cell division.
  • Calcium ions (Ca2+) play a role in various cellular signaling pathways.
  • Heilbrunn's thesis proposed calcium's involvement in initiating mitotic events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) transients in initiating mitosis.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms regulating calcium signals during the cell cycle.
  • To understand the coordination of biochemical pathways by calcium during mitosis.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental analysis of mitotic arrest and release.
  • Investigation of intracellular Ca2+ dynamics.
  • Modeling of Ca2+ signaling pathways.

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Main Results:

  • Mitotic events are initiated by transient elevations of intracellular Ca2+ from intracellular stores.
  • An ATP-dependent Ca2+ pump and an endomembrane Ca2+ channel regulate these Ca2+ signals.
  • A limited time window exists for cellular sensitivity to Ca2+-interfering mitotic arrest agents.
  • Cytosolic Ca2+ increase is a necessary signal for nuclear envelope breakdown, anaphase onset, and mitosis.
  • Ca2+ coordinates biochemical pathways influencing mitotic events, potentially via a metabolic clock.
  • A negative feedback loop limits Ca2+ transient size and duration.

Conclusions:

  • Calcium-dependent pathways are essential for mitosis.
  • Further research requires quantitative imaging of Ca2+ and identification of regulatory molecules.
  • Upstream and downstream regulators of Ca2+ signaling in mitosis remain to be identified.