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[Heart failure in haemodialysis patients: evaluation and treatment]

Dejan Petrović, Vladimir Miloradović, Mileta Poskurica

    Srpski Arhiv Za Celokupno Lekarstvo
    |June 2, 2011
    PubMed

    Insights

    Cardiovascular diseases are a major concern for patients undergoing haemodialysis, leading to significant mortality. Early detection and management of cardiac complications are crucial for improving survival rates in this population.

    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Cardiology
    • Internal Medicine

    Context:

    • Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the primary cause of mortality in patients receiving haemodialysis (HD).
    • Annual cardiovascular mortality in HD patients approaches 9%, with left ventricular hypertrophy, ischemic heart disease, and congestive heart failure being prevalent complications.

    Purpose:

    • To highlight the significant burden of cardiovascular complications in haemodialysis patients.
    • To identify key risk factors contributing to cardiac failure in this cohort.
    • To emphasize the importance of early diagnostic strategies for asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction.

    Summary:

    • Common risk factors for cardiac failure in HD patients include hypertension, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, hypoalbuminemia, anemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, elevated asymmetric dimethylarginine, increased shunt blood flow, and secondary hyperparathyroidism.
    • Recommended diagnostic approaches involve echocardiography, coronary vascular disease assessment, and myocardial function tests (BNP, Nt-proBNP) for early detection of asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction.
    • Timely identification of high-risk patients enables prompt therapeutic interventions, aiming to enhance survival rates.

    Impact:

    • Facilitates early intervention for cardiovascular complications in haemodialysis patients.
    • Aims to reduce the high cardiovascular mortality rate associated with haemodialysis.
    • Promotes improved long-term outcomes and quality of life for individuals undergoing haemodialysis.

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