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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

Overview
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

Environmental agents and autoimmune diseases.

Frederick W Miller1

  • 1National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, HHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. millerf@mail.nih.gov

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|June 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Autoimmune diseases arise from a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Understanding these triggers is key to developing future prevention and treatment strategies for these conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Environmental Health
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Autoimmune diseases encompass over 80 conditions characterized by immune responses against self-antigens.
  • These disorders are increasing globally but their complex etiologies and pathogeneses remain poorly understood.
  • Current understanding suggests a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental exposures contributes to disease development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the evidence linking environmental factors to the development and progression of autoimmune diseases.
  • To identify suspected environmental exposures and explore potential mechanisms of action.
  • To outline future research approaches for a comprehensive understanding of autoimmune disease etiology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on environmental risk factors in autoimmune diseases.

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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

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Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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Published on: September 9, 2022

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

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  • Analysis of suspected environmental exposures and their proposed mechanisms.
  • Discussion of methodologies for future research in this field.

    • Main Results:

    • Growing evidence implicates environmental factors in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
    • Specific environmental exposures are suspected, with ongoing research into their mechanisms.
    • Identifying key genetic and environmental interactions is crucial for understanding disease causation.

    Conclusions:

    • Environmental factors play a significant, though not fully elucidated, role in autoimmune disease development.
    • Further research is needed to precisely define the interplay between genetics and environment.
    • Understanding these interactions may pave the way for targeted prevention and therapies.