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Cannabis use before age 15 and subsequent executive functioning.

Maria Alice Fontes1, Karen I Bolla, Paulo Jannuzzi Cunha

  • 1Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas and Unidade de Pesquisas em Álcool e Drogas, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. m.alice@plenamente.com.br

The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science
|June 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Starting chronic cannabis use before age 15 significantly impairs executive functioning, including attention and impulse control, compared to later initiation or no use. Early cannabis use has more detrimental neurocognitive effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Adolescence is a critical period for neurocognitive development, making it vulnerable to substance misuse.
  • Previous research indicates potential neurocognitive effects of substance misuse during adolescence.
  • Large-scale studies comparing early versus later adolescent cannabis initiation are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate executive functioning differences in individuals with early-onset (before 15) versus late-onset (after 15) chronic cannabis use.
  • To compare cognitive performance between early-onset cannabis users, late-onset users, and non-using controls.

Main Methods:

  • Neuropsychological tasks were administered to 104 chronic cannabis users (49 early-onset, 55 late-onset) and 44 controls.
  • Executive functioning, sustained attention, and impulse control were assessed.
  • Generalized linear model analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical comparisons.

Main Results:

  • Early-onset cannabis users demonstrated significantly poorer performance on executive functioning tasks compared to both late-onset users and controls.
  • Deficits were observed in sustained attention and impulse control among early-onset users.
  • Late-onset users did not show the same level of cognitive impairment as early-onset users.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic cannabis use initiated before age 15 is associated with significant deficits in executive functioning.
  • Early-onset cannabis use may have more severe and lasting negative impacts on neurocognitive development.
  • Findings highlight the heightened vulnerability of the adolescent brain to cannabis's effects.